Born in April 1946, ethnic Han, a native of Juancheng of Shandong Province; joined Communist Party of China (CPC) in June 1971; started working in September 1969; graduate of Shandong University, majoring in Chinese language and literature.

Member of CPC Central Committee; vice-chairman, member of Leading Party Members' Group and secretary-general of Standing Committee of 11th NPC; secretary of CPC Shandong Provincial Committee; chairman of Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People's Congress.

1964-1969: Studied at Department of Chinese of Shandong University, majoring in Chinese language and literature

1969-1970: Stayed at university waiting for job assignment

1970-1972: Worked as a peasant in Jiangzhuang Brigade of Dongjituo Commune, Ninghe County, Tianjin

1972-1976: Worked as a clerk at cultural and education bureau of Ninghe County and publicity department of Ninghe county committee of the CPC

1976-1978: Worked as a publicity clerk at Tianjin Municipal Rural Work Committee

1978-1981: Worked as an administrative clerk at general office of CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee

1981-1982: Vice administration manager at general office of CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee

1982-1983: Vice-director of general office of CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee

1983-1988: Director of general office of CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee

1988-1989: Deputy secretary-general of CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee director of the committee's general office

1989-1991: Secretary-general of CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee

1991-1992: Standing Committee member and secretary-general of CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee; secretary of Heping district committee of the CPC

1992-1997: Deputy secretary of CPC Tianjin Municipal Committee

1997-1998: Secretary of CPC Shaanxi Provincial Committee

1998-2007: Secretary of CPC Shaanxi Provincial Committee; chairman of Standing Committee of Shaanxi Provincial People's Congress

2007-2008: Secretary of CPC Shandong Provincial Committee

2008-: Vice-chairman, member of Leading Party Members' Group and secretary-general of Standing Committee of 11th NPC; secretary of CPC Shandong Provincial Committee; chairman of Standing Committee of Shandong Provincial People's Congress

Alternate member of 14th CPC Central Committee; member of 15th, 16th and 17th CPC central committees; vice-chairman and secretary-general of Standing Committee of 11th NPC.