中國(guó)釣魚(yú)島豈容他人肆意“買(mǎi)賣(mài)”（全文）
Diaoyu Islands cannot be bought
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| 今年9月10日，日本政府宣布“購(gòu)買(mǎi)”釣魚(yú)島及其附屬的南小島和北小島，實(shí)施所謂“國(guó)有化”。日本政府的這一行徑是對(duì)中國(guó)領(lǐng)土主權(quán)的嚴(yán)重侵犯，中國(guó)政府和人民對(duì)此表示堅(jiān)決反對(duì)和強(qiáng)烈抗議。 | On September 10, 2012, the Japanese government announced its decision to "purchase" Diaoyu Island and its affiliated Nanxiao Island and Beixiao Island under what Tokyo called "nationalization". This move taken by the Japanese government constitutes a serious violation of Chinese territorial sovereignty. The Chinese government and people firmly oppose it and have strongly protested against the move. |
| 一、釣魚(yú)島自古是中國(guó)的固有領(lǐng)土 | 1. Diaoyu Islands have been China's inherent territory since ancient times. |
| （一）中國(guó)最早發(fā)現(xiàn)、命名并利用釣魚(yú)島 | 1) Diaoyu Islands were first discovered, named and exploited by the Chinese people. |
| 釣魚(yú)島及其附屬島嶼（簡(jiǎn)稱釣魚(yú)島）包括釣魚(yú)島、黃尾嶼、赤尾嶼、南小島、北小島等島嶼，自古以來(lái)就是中國(guó)的固有領(lǐng)土。早在1403年（明永樂(lè)元年）出版的《順風(fēng)相送》中就明確記載了“福建往琉球”航路上中國(guó)的島嶼“釣魚(yú)嶼”和“赤坎嶼”，即今天的釣魚(yú)島、赤尾嶼。 | Diaoyu Island and its affiliated islands, including Huangwei Islet, Chiwei Islet, Nanxiao Island and Beixiao Island (hereafter referred to as the Diaoyu Islands) have been an integral part of Chinese territory since ancient times. The book Voyage with a Tail Wind (Shun Feng Xiang Song), which appeared in 1403 (the first year of the reign of Emperor Yongle of the Ming Dynasty), recorded the names of islands that Chinese voyagers passed en route from Fujian to Ryukyu such as "Diaoyu Islet" and "Chikan Islet", known today as Diaoyu Island and Chiwei Islet. |
| 中國(guó)明清兩代朝廷先后24次向琉球王國(guó)派遣冊(cè)封使，留下大量《使琉球錄》，較為詳盡地記載了釣魚(yú)島地形地貌，并界定了赤尾嶼以東是中國(guó)與琉球的分界線。1534年（明嘉靖十三年）明朝冊(cè)封使陳侃所著《使琉球錄》是現(xiàn)存最早記載中國(guó)與琉球海上疆界的中國(guó)官方文獻(xiàn)，明確記載了“過(guò)釣魚(yú)嶼，過(guò)黃毛嶼，過(guò)赤嶼，目不暇接，……見(jiàn)古米山，乃屬琉球者。夷人鼓舞于舟，喜達(dá)于家。”意即琉球人乘船過(guò)了赤嶼（即今赤尾嶼），看到古米山（即今久米島）后便認(rèn)為到達(dá)琉球。這表明，釣魚(yú)島是中國(guó)的領(lǐng)土，而非琉球國(guó)土。 | The imperial courts of the Ming and Qing dynasties sent imperial title-conferring envoys to the Ryukyu Kingdom 24 times. Records of the Imperial Title-Conferring Envoys to Ryukyu (Shi Liu Qiu Lu), and voluminous materials left by the envoys, have depicted the topography and geography of the Diaoyu Islands in detail and recorded the demarcation line between China and Ryukyu east of Chiwei Islet. In 1534 (the 13th year of the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty), Chen Kan, an imperial title-conferring envoy from the Ming court to Ryukyu, set out in Records of the Imperial Title-Conferring Envoys to Ryukyu, China's earliest official record of the maritime boundary between China and Ryukyu: "Diaoyu Islet, Huangmao Islet, Chi Islet, so many islands unfold before my eyes. Then Kume Mountain comes into sight; that is where the land of Ryukyu begins. The Ryukyuans on my ship are happy and excited, because they know they have finally returned to their homes." The passage indicates that Ryukyuans believed they had arrived at Ryukyu when they saw Kume Mountain (known as Kumejima Island today) after passing Chiyu Islet (known as Chiwei Yu today). This indicates that the Diaoyu islands belong to China, not Ryukyu. |
| 1719年（清康熙五十八年）清朝冊(cè)封副使徐葆光所著《中山傳信錄》明確記載：八重山是“琉球極西南屬界”。從福建到琉球，“經(jīng)花瓶嶼、彭家山、釣魚(yú)臺(tái)、黃尾嶼、赤尾嶼，取姑米山（琉球西南方界上鎮(zhèn)山）、馬齒島，入琉球那霸港。”這里所謂“界上鎮(zhèn)山”，即琉球西南海上邊界的主島。當(dāng)時(shí)琉球的權(quán)威學(xué)者程順則在《指南廣義》中對(duì)此也有相同論述，時(shí)間上還早于《中山傳信錄》。由此可見(jiàn)，當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)和琉球?qū)蓢?guó)海上疆界和相關(guān)島嶼歸屬的認(rèn)識(shí)十分清楚，且完全一致。 | In 1719 (the 58th year of the reign of Emperor Kangxi of the Qing Dynasty), Xu Baoguang, a deputy title-conferring envoy to Ryukyu, recorded in his book Records of Messages from Chong-shan (Zhong Shan Chuan Xin Lu, Chong-shan is another name of the Ryukyu Kingdom) that the Yaeyama Islands formed the "southwest border of Ryukyu". The voyage from Fujian to Ryukyu, "passed Huaping Islet, Pengjia Mountain, Diaoyu Tai, Huangwei Islet, Chiwei Islet, and reached Naha port via Kume Mountain (a fortified post on the southwest border of Ryukyu) and Machi Island". The "fortified post" here referred to the main island among the islands and islets southwest to Ryukyu. Cheng Shunze (Tei Junsoku), a noted scholar of Ryukyu, gave a similar account in A General Guide (Zhi Nan Guang Yi), which was published earlier than Records of Messages from Chong-shan. These records prove that China and Ryukyu clearly had an identical understanding of the maritime boundaries and jurisdictions over the various islands. |
| （二）中國(guó)對(duì)釣魚(yú)島進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)期管轄 | 2) Diaoyu Islands were under the jurisdiction of China for centuries. |
| 早在14世紀(jì)即明朝初年，中國(guó)海防將領(lǐng)張赫、吳禎便先后率兵在東南沿海巡海，驅(qū)趕倭寇，一直追擊到“琉球大洋”，即琉球海溝。此時(shí)，釣魚(yú)島已成為中國(guó)抵御倭寇的海上前沿，被納入中國(guó)的海防范圍之內(nèi)。 | As early as the 14th century, in the early years of the Ming Dynasty, the Chinese coastal defense generals Zhang He and Wu Zhen patrolled China's southeast coast and drove Japanese pirates to the "Ryukyu Ocean", the Ryukyu Trench. At the time the Diaoyu Islands had become a coastal front line in the battle against Japanese pirates and were under the jurisdiction of China's coastal defense. |
| 1561年（明嘉靖四十年），明朝駐防東南沿海的最高將領(lǐng)胡宗憲與地理學(xué)家鄭若曾編纂的《籌海圖編》一書(shū)明確將釣魚(yú)島等島嶼編入“沿海山沙圖”，納入明朝的海防范圍內(nèi)。1605年（明萬(wàn)歷三十三年）徐必達(dá)等人繪制的《乾坤一統(tǒng)海防全圖》及1621年（明天啟元年）茅元儀繪制的中國(guó)海防圖《武備志·海防二·福建沿海山沙圖》，也將釣魚(yú)島等島嶼劃入中國(guó)海疆之內(nèi)。清朝沿襲了明朝的做法，繼續(xù)將釣魚(yú)島等島嶼列入中國(guó)海防范圍內(nèi)。 | In 1561 (the 40th year of the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty), An Illustrated Compendium on Maritime Security (Chou Hai Tu Bian) compiled by Hu Zongxian, Supreme Commander of the southeast coastal defense of the Ming court, and the geographer Zheng Ruozeng, included Diaoyu Islands on a "Map of Coastal Mountains and Sands" (Yan Hai Shan Sha Tu) and marked it as under the jurisdiction of the Ming court's coastal defense. The Complete Map of Unified Maritime Territory for Coastal Defense (Qian Kun Yi Tong Hai Fang Quan Tu), drawn up by Xu Bida and others in 1605 (the 33rd year of the reign of Emperor Wanli of the Ming Dynasty), and the Treatise on Military Preparations Coastal Defense II Map of Fujian's Coastal Mountains and Sands ( Wu Bei Zhi Hai Fang Er Fu Jian Yan Hai Shan Sha Tu), drawn up by Mao Yuanyi in 1621 (the first year of the reign of Emperor Tianqi of the Ming Dynasty), also included Diaoyu Islands as part of China's maritime territory. The Qing court followed the Ming court in placing Diaoyu Islands under the Chinese jurisdiction for coastal defense. |
| 1556年（明嘉靖三十五年），鄭舜功受明朝政府派遣赴日本考察撰寫(xiě)了《日本一鑒》。書(shū)中繪制的“滄海津鏡”圖中有釣魚(yú)嶼，并寫(xiě)道“釣魚(yú)嶼小東小嶼也。”所謂“小東”，即當(dāng)時(shí)臺(tái)灣別稱，說(shuō)明當(dāng)時(shí)中國(guó)已從地理角度認(rèn)定釣魚(yú)島是臺(tái)灣的附屬島嶼。清代《臺(tái)海使槎錄》、《臺(tái)灣府志》等官方文獻(xiàn)還詳細(xì)記載了對(duì)釣魚(yú)島的管轄情況。1871年編寫(xiě)的《重纂福建通志》進(jìn)而確定釣魚(yú)島隸屬于臺(tái)灣噶瑪蘭廳（即今宜蘭縣）。 | In 1556 (the 35th year of the reign of Emperor Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty), Zheng Shungong was dispatched by the Ming court to Japan on a study trip and he wrote A Mirror of Japan (Ri Ben Yi Jian) following the study trip. An illustration in the book - A Mirror of the Seas and Fords (Cang Hai Jin Jing), depicted Diaoyu Islands with a caption saying "Diaoyu Islet is a little islet adjacent to Xiaodong". Xiaodong was another name for Taiwan. This shows that China, at the time, affirmed that Diaoyu Islands were geographically affiliated and connected to Taiwan. Official documents of the Qing Court such as A Tour of Duty in the Taiwan Sea (Tai Hai Shi Zha Lu) and Annals of Taiwan Prefecture (Tai Wan Fu Zhi) have given detailed accounts of the administration on Diaoyu Islands. The Recompiled General Annals of Fujian (Chong Zuan Fu Jian Tong Zhi), issued in 1871, established in no uncertainty that Diaoyu Islands were affiliated to Gamalan, Taiwan (known as Yilan County today). |
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