《中國(guó)的能源政策（2012）》白皮書
White Paper: China's Energy Policy 2012
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調(diào)整字號(hào)大小: 
| 九、加強(qiáng)能源國(guó)際合作 | IX. Strengthening International Cooperation in Energy |
| 中國(guó)的發(fā)展離不開世界，世界的繁榮需要中國(guó)。隨著全球化的不斷深入，中國(guó)在能源發(fā)展方面與世界聯(lián)系日益緊密。中國(guó)的能源發(fā)展，不僅保障了本國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展，也為維護(hù)世界能源安全和保持全球市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定作出了貢獻(xiàn)。 | China's development cannot be achieved without cooperation with the rest of the world, and the prosperity of the world has need of China as well. With accelerating economic globalization, China has forged increasingly closer ties with the rest of the world in the field of energy. China's development of energy has not only satisfied its own needs for economic and social progress, but also made great contributions to world energy security and global market stability. |
| 中國(guó)是國(guó)際能源合作中負(fù)責(zé)任的積極參與者。在雙邊合作方面，中國(guó)與美國(guó)、歐盟、日本、俄羅斯、哈薩克斯坦、土庫(kù)曼斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦、巴西、阿根廷、委內(nèi)瑞拉等國(guó)家和地區(qū)建立了能源對(duì)話與合作機(jī)制，在油氣、煤炭、電力、可再生能源、科技裝備和能源政策等領(lǐng)域加強(qiáng)對(duì)話、交流與合作。在多邊合作方面，中國(guó)是亞太經(jīng)濟(jì)合作組織能源工作組、二十國(guó)集團(tuán)、上海合作組織、世界能源理事會(huì)、國(guó)際能源論壇等組織和機(jī)制的正式成員或重要參與方，是能源憲章的觀察員國(guó)，與國(guó)際能源署、石油輸出國(guó)組織等機(jī)構(gòu)保持著密切聯(lián)系。在國(guó)際能源合作中，中國(guó)既承擔(dān)著廣泛的國(guó)際義務(wù)，也發(fā)揮著積極的建設(shè)性作用。 | China is an active and responsible participant in international energy cooperation, and it has established bilateral dialogue and cooperative mechanisms in the field of energy with the US, the EU, Japan, Russia, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela and many other countries and regions, and has strengthened dialogues, exchanges and cooperation with these countries regarding oil, natural gas, coal, electric power, renewable energy, technology, equipment and energy policy. China is also a member of or important participant in many multilateral organizations and mechanisms, including the energy working group of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Organization, Group of 20, Shanghai Cooperation Organization, World Energy Council and International Energy Forum. It is an observer of the Energy Charter, and maintains close relations with such international organizations as the World Energy Agency and the Organization of Petroleum-Exporting Countries. In international energy cooperation, China assumes a wide range of obligations and plays an active and constructive role. |
| 中國(guó)在能源領(lǐng)域堅(jiān)持對(duì)外開放，不斷優(yōu)化外商投資環(huán)境，保障投資者合法權(quán)益。中國(guó)先后出臺(tái)了《中外合資經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)法》、《中外合作經(jīng)營(yíng)企業(yè)法》、《外資企業(yè)法》等法律法規(guī)，以及《外商投資產(chǎn)業(yè)指導(dǎo)目錄》、《中西部地區(qū)外商投資優(yōu)勢(shì)產(chǎn)業(yè)目錄》等政策文件。中國(guó)鼓勵(lì)外商以合作的方式，進(jìn)行石油天然氣勘探開發(fā)，開展頁(yè)巖氣、煤層氣等非常規(guī)油氣資源勘探開發(fā)。鼓勵(lì)投資建設(shè)新能源電站、以發(fā)電為主的水電站和采用潔凈燃燒技術(shù)的電站，以及中方控股的核電站。鼓勵(lì)跨國(guó)能源公司在華設(shè)立研發(fā)中心。 | China upholds a policy of opening to the rest of the world in the field of energy. To provide a favorable environment for foreign investment and protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, it has promulgated a series of laws and regulations in succession, like the Law on Sino-foreign Equity Joint Ventures, Law on Sino-foreign Cooperative Joint Ventures and Law on Foreign Investment Enterprises, and framed such policy documents as the Catalogue of Industries for Guiding Foreign Investment and the Catalogue of Advantageous Industries for Foreign Investment in the Central and Western Regions. The Chinese government encourages foreign investment to engage in the exploration and development of oil, natural gas and unconventional oil and gas resources, such as shale gas and coal-bed gas, by way of cooperation; invites foreign investment in the building of new-energy power stations, hydroelectric power stations, clean-combustion power stations, and nuclear power stations as long as the Chinese partners have control; and supports multinational energy corporations to set up R&D centers in China. |
| 中國(guó)能源企業(yè)遵循平等互惠、互利雙贏的原則，積極參與國(guó)際能源合作，參與境外能源基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)，發(fā)展能源工程技術(shù)服務(wù)合作。中國(guó)企業(yè)對(duì)外投資合作開發(fā)的能源資源，90%以上都在當(dāng)?shù)劁N售，增加了全球能源市場(chǎng)供應(yīng)，促進(jìn)了供應(yīng)渠道的多元化。中國(guó)能源企業(yè)在對(duì)外投資合作時(shí)，遵守當(dāng)?shù)胤煞ㄒ?guī)，尊重當(dāng)?shù)刈诮绦叛龊惋L(fēng)俗習(xí)慣，在實(shí)現(xiàn)自我發(fā)展的同時(shí)，積極為當(dāng)?shù)亟?jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)發(fā)展作出貢獻(xiàn)。 | Following the principle of equality, mutual benefits and reciprocity, Chinese energy enterprises are actively involved in international energy cooperation, participating in overseas energy infrastructure projects and expanding cooperation in energy engineering and services. Ninety percent of Chinese enterprise-invested energy resources abroad are sold locally, thus increasing and diversifying supplies in the global energy market. When investing in foreign countries, Chinese energy enterprises abide by local laws and regulations, and respect the religious beliefs and customs of the local people. They actively make contributions to local economic and social development while achieving self-growth. |
| 在今后相當(dāng)長(zhǎng)一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，國(guó)際能源貿(mào)易仍將是中國(guó)利用國(guó)外能源的主要方式。中國(guó)將按照世界貿(mào)易組織規(guī)則，完善公平貿(mào)易政策，開展能源進(jìn)出口貿(mào)易，優(yōu)化貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)。綜合運(yùn)用期貨貿(mào)易、長(zhǎng)協(xié)貿(mào)易、轉(zhuǎn)口貿(mào)易、易貨貿(mào)易等方式，推進(jìn)貿(mào)易方式多元化。積極參與全球能源治理，加強(qiáng)與世界各國(guó)的溝通與合作，共同應(yīng)對(duì)國(guó)際貨幣體系、過(guò)度投機(jī)、壟斷經(jīng)營(yíng)等因素對(duì)能源市場(chǎng)的影響，維護(hù)國(guó)際能源市場(chǎng)及價(jià)格的穩(wěn)定。 | For a fairly long time to come, international energy trade will remain the major way by which China utilizes foreign energy sources. China will improve policies for fair trade and optimize the trade structure, and conduct energy imports and exports in accordance with the WTO rules. It will diversify the modes of trade and comprehensively use such methods as futures trade, long-term agreements, entrepot and barter trade. China will actively participate in global energy management. It will intensify exchanges and cooperation with other countries, addressing together the impact of the international monetary system, excessive speculation and energy market monopoly, thereby maintaining the stability of international energy market and energy price. |
| 能源問(wèn)題關(guān)系國(guó)計(jì)民生，關(guān)系人類福祉。為了減少能源資源問(wèn)題帶來(lái)的紛爭(zhēng)和不平等，實(shí)現(xiàn)世界經(jīng)濟(jì)平穩(wěn)有序發(fā)展，推動(dòng)經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化向著均衡、普惠、共贏的方向發(fā)展，需要國(guó)際社會(huì)樹立互利合作、多元發(fā)展、協(xié)同保障的新能源安全觀。為了共同維護(hù)全球能源安全，中國(guó)主張，國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)著重在以下三個(gè)方面作出努力： | Energy is of vital importance to economic development and people's well-being. In order to reduce conflicts and inequality brought about over access to energy resources, achieve a stable growth of the world economy and make the economic globalization lead to a balanced, universally beneficial and win-win development, the international community should foster a new energy security concept featuring mutually beneficial cooperation, diversified development and common energy security through coordination. To jointly ensure global energy security, the Chinese government calls for international efforts in the following three aspects: |
| ——加強(qiáng)對(duì)話與交流。加強(qiáng)能源出口國(guó)、消費(fèi)國(guó)和中轉(zhuǎn)國(guó)之間的對(duì)話和交流，是開展能源國(guó)際合作的基礎(chǔ)。國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)進(jìn)一步密切雙多邊關(guān)系，加強(qiáng)在提高能效、節(jié)能環(huán)保、能源管理、能源政策等方面的對(duì)話交流，完善國(guó)際能源市場(chǎng)監(jiān)測(cè)和應(yīng)急機(jī)制，深化在信息交流、人員培訓(xùn)、協(xié)調(diào)行動(dòng)等方面的合作。 | -- Strengthening dialogues and exchanges. Strengthening dialogue and communication among energy exporting, consuming and transiting countries is the foundation of international energy cooperation. The international community should further cement its bilateral and multilateral ties; increase dialogues and exchanges in the fields of efficient use of energy, energy conservation, environmental protection, energy management and energy policy; promote monitoring and emergency response mechanisms for the global energy market; and deepen the cooperation in the fields of information exchanges, personnel training and coordination. |
| ——開展能源務(wù)實(shí)合作。各國(guó)應(yīng)秉持互利共贏、共同發(fā)展的原則，開展國(guó)際能源資源勘探開發(fā)互利合作，豐富和完善合作機(jī)制與手段，增加全球能源供應(yīng)，促進(jìn)供應(yīng)渠道的多元化。共同穩(wěn)定大宗能源產(chǎn)品價(jià)格，保障各國(guó)用能需求，維護(hù)能源市場(chǎng)正常秩序。發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家應(yīng)從人類可持續(xù)發(fā)展的高度，在保護(hù)知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的前提下，積極向發(fā)展中國(guó)家和不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家提供、轉(zhuǎn)移清潔高效能源技術(shù)，共同推動(dòng)全球綠色發(fā)展。國(guó)際社會(huì)應(yīng)攜手努力，幫助最不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家消除能源貧困，擴(kuò)大能源服務(wù)，促進(jìn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 | -- Carrying out effective energy cooperation. Upholding the principles of reciprocity, mutual benefit and common development, the various countries should ensure mutually beneficial cooperation in international energy resources exploration, enrich and improve cooperative mechanisms and methods, increase the international energy supply, and diversify supply channels. They should work together to stabilize the prices of bulk energy commodities, secure the energy needs of various countries, and maintain the normal order of the energy market. For the sake of sustainable development, the developed countries should actively provide and transfer clean and highly efficient energy technology to developing and underdeveloped countries and together promote green development globally on the condition that intellectual property rights are protected. The international community should strive hand in hand to help the least-developed countries to eliminate energy poverty, increase energy services and promote sustainable development. |
| ——共同維護(hù)世界能源安全。公平合理的國(guó)際能源治理機(jī)制是維護(hù)世界能源市場(chǎng)穩(wěn)定的重要條件。各國(guó)應(yīng)加強(qiáng)合作，共同維護(hù)能源生產(chǎn)國(guó)和輸送國(guó)，特別是中東等產(chǎn)油國(guó)地區(qū)的局勢(shì)穩(wěn)定，確保國(guó)際能源通道安全和暢通，減少地緣政治紛爭(zhēng)對(duì)全球能源供應(yīng)的干擾。通過(guò)對(duì)話與協(xié)商的方式，解決重大國(guó)際能源問(wèn)題，不應(yīng)把能源問(wèn)題政治化，避免動(dòng)輒訴諸武力，甚至引發(fā)對(duì)抗。 | -- Working together to maintain energy security. A fair and rational international energy management mechanism is a prerequisite for a stable global energy market. The international community should work collaboratively to maintain stability in oil producing and exporting countries, especially those in the Middle East, to ensure the security of international energy transport routes and avoid geopolitical conflicts that affect the world's energy supply. The various countries involved should settle major international energy disputes through dialogue and consultation. Energy issues should not be politicized, and the use of force and armed confrontation should be avoided. |
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