李克強在中國工會第十六次全國代表大會上的經濟形勢報告（全文）
Li Keqiang's report on the economic situation at the 16th National Congress of ACFTU
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| 三、在經濟社會發展中更加注重解決好職工切身利益問題 | Third, increase efforts on resolving problems closely concerning workers' vital interests during economic and social development |
| 職工利益是大家十分關心的事。工會是黨和政府溝通億萬職工群眾的橋梁和紐帶，工會關心職工利益、維護職工權益，理所當然！推動經濟發展和維護職工權益，這兩個是并行不悖的、是一致的。我們希望億萬職工、全體人民勤奮努力、刻苦奮斗，但同時，你不能光從牛那里擠奶，不給牛塞一把豆餅子，這不行。我這里要強調幾條。 | Everybody is concerned about workers' interests. Trade unions are the bridge and link between the Party and millions of workers. They care about workers' interests, and uphold their rights. This is natural! Promoting economic development and protecting workers' interests are not mutually exclusive but consistent with each other. We hope that the millions of workers and all the people will work hard. But, at the same time, you cannot get milk from a cow without feeding it. That does not work. At this point, I want to emphasize several things: |
| 首先，要實施積極的就業政策。一定要努力幫助已有和新增勞動力有崗位、有活干，有就業機會，并努力實現高質量的就業。就業是最大的民生。這一點我請同志們相信，政府須臾不敢松勁，我們時時盯著這一條。對我們來說，穩增長主要是為了保就業。 | Firstly, we must implement a proactive employment policy. We must strive to help those workers and first time job hunters find jobs, provide them with work opportunities, and strive for high-quality jobs. Employment gives our people a livelihood. Believe me that, the government will not slacken off, and will work for this every minute. For us, the primary purpose of steady economic growth is to safeguard employment. |
| 第二，要織牢社會保障的安全網。我們要推進結構調整，其實最大的結構調整，還是要讓消費發揮重要作用。因為很多發達國家，最終消費占了GDP當中很大的比重。我國今年前三季度這一比重為45.9%。要讓老百姓花錢，他得無后顧之憂才行。就業是讓群眾腰包里有錢，有了錢，為什么消費還不夠多，現在銀行里有四、五十萬億元的存款？群眾有后顧之憂。最大的后顧之憂是什么？還是社會保障。社會保障主要是養老。坦率地講，這里面現在還是有問題的，現在參加城鎮職工養老保險，大概是3億多人，今年有累計3800萬人中斷交保險。主要是部分中小微企業有困難，或者是部分靈活就業人員連續繳費15年以上后不再繳費等各種因素造成的。國家要想辦法健全社會保障體系，政府要管，工會也要參與進來，一起想辦法，大家對國家要有信心。東北老工業基地國企改革改組中，當年解決了600萬人的養老保險問題，還有不少人，大約幾百萬，因為企業倒閉，那時候國家沒政策，自動離職了，沒有任何補償。他們為共和國的成長做過貢獻，國家不能忘記他們。對這些人也要想辦法。要有一個覆蓋全民的、全體職工的養老保障，構筑讓人民、讓職工能安心生產生活的保障網，使發展成果更多更公平地惠及群眾。還有醫療保險，目前已基本覆蓋城鄉。但我想特別說明要建立大病醫療保險制度，現在每年有300萬人，生了大病，看病報銷后還可能支付不起。要想辦法，政府、社會、個人一起努力。我這里特別要強調工會的送溫暖行動起到很重要的作用，你們幫助那些老職工、幫助那些困難職工，解憂解難。政府要從政策、資金等方面支持工會。還有住房保障。我們計劃是“十二五”期間建成3600萬套保障性住房，其中一半是棚戶區改造。5年之內下決心把老職工集中居住的棚戶區改造掉。 | Secondly, we should build a social security safety net. We will promote restructuring. Within this, the major task is to let consumption play an important role. In many developed countries, consumption accounts for the largest proportion of GDP. In the first three quarters of this year in China, this proportion reached 45.9 percent. People will only spend when they have the money to do so. But why have Chinese people deposited four to five trillion yuan into their bank accounts rather than spend it? It is because they are worried about our pension system. Quite frankly, the system is not perfect. The number of urban workers currently participating in the basic old-age insurance scheme across China is more than 300 million, but 38 million of them withdraw at the end of the year. They are the workers from the medium sized, small and micro businesses with difficulties, and flexible workers who have paid contributions for 15 years and don't want to pay any more. The government should improve social security system, and trade unions should also work towards this aim. People need to have confidence in the government. During our restructuring and transformation of state-owned enterprises in old industrial bases in northeast China, we solved the problem of endowment insurance for 6 million workers. But there were still millions of people who resigned voluntarily without receiving any compensation. They had also contributed to the country, and their country will not forget them. We need to find a way. We need to build a safety net, a pension system covering all people, pension protection for all workers so that the people can work and live in comfort. That is the way to share the benefits of development with the people more thoroughly and fairly. Our medical insurance system has basically covered all cities and counties. But what I want to emphasize here is the need to build a healthcare insurance system to treat critical illnesses. Some 3 million people are still unable to afford the bill for treatment of critical illnesses, even though some of the money has already been paid by the local government. The whole society, both the government and individuals should work together. Here, I would like to thank the "Warmth Projects" initiated by trade unions for their efforts in helping older and needy workers. The government will provide both political and financial support for trade unions. Another point is safeguarding housing. According to China's 12th Five-Year Plan (2011-2015), we will build 36 million affordable houses, half of which will be converting shanty towns. In these five years, we are determined to reconstruct all the shanty towns where older workers live. |
| 我們也正在研究救急機制，到這個階段，既要扶貧、也要救急。中國幾十年來很大的成就是減貧，幾億人脫貧，這個成就在世界上沒有人能非議，但是救急機制我們還沒有完全建立。要讓社會有“兜底”的安全保障網，讓人民群眾、讓職工們敢于去就業創業。有人真正在就業創業中遇到困難，掉下來了，有一個安全網兜著他。不光要有基本的安全網，還要最后有個兜底線，這就是救急機制。我覺得“送溫暖”應該在這個救急機制中占一席之地。政府、社會、工會的“送溫暖”、慈善機構等等，大家一起來建立這個救急機制。堅決防止那些沖破社會底線的現象頻頻發生，促進社會和諧。 | We are also looking into establishing an emergency mechanism. At this stage, it is important to help the poor, as well as provide emergency relief. For decades, China achieved a lot in poverty reduction; hundreds of millions of Chinese people have shaken off poverty, no one disagrees with that. However, we have not established an emergency mechanism yet. Our society needs this as a bottom line for safety. This way, the people and workers will have the courage to find jobs and start their own businesses. When they encounter difficulties, the mechanism would help them. We need not only a basic security system, but also a bottom line, which would be the emergency mechanism. In my mind, it should incorporate the "Warmth Projects", and be built as a collaboration by the government, trade unions, charities, and all areas of society, in order to prevent the frequent occurrence of phenomena that break through the social bottom line, which would promote harmony in society. |
| 第三，要促進職工收入增長與經濟發展和勞動生產率提高同步。社會保障解除后顧之憂了，也不夠，還有職工收入問題。“十二五”規劃已經提出，職工收入要倍增，要和GDP同步增長。兩者同步，不僅經濟的增長和職工收入的增長要同步，勞動生產率的增長和職工收入的增長也要同步。 | Thirdly, we should increase incomes, economic development and productivity at the same time. It's not enough to only improve social security to solve our worries for the future, we should also increase incomes. According the 12th Five Year Plan, the workers incomes will be doubled and grow in line with GDP. Growing these areas at the same time not only refers to the economy and incomes, but also to productivity and incomes. |
| 當然我們最關心的還是那些普通職工。今年24個省市最低工資平均提高了18%，這給企業帶來一定壓力，包括影響出口競爭力。但是我們只能在兩難當中做選擇，因為最終還是要一步一步實現人民的共同富裕。再就是農民工。聽說有1億農民工已經加入了工會，我聽了非常高興。農民工給城市做的貢獻巨大，城市少不了農民工啊。一個大城市沒有各種各樣的服務業，光有拿手術刀的，沒有端茶水的，這個城市是運轉不起來的。對所有的勞動者我們都應該尊重。目前農民工有2.6億，當然有的是季節性的、臨時性的。政府、工會都要行動起來，幫助他們實現從暫住到安居，從就業到樂業，讓他們真正融入城鎮，享受應有權利。 | Of course, we are concerned most about the ordinary workers. The average minimum wage in 24 provinces and cities has increased by 18 percent this year, which has put pressure on companies and affecting the competitiveness of their exports. But we have to choose between these two difficulties, because we have to build common prosperity step by step. Another concern is farmers. I was glad to hear that 100 million farmers have joined the trade union. Migrant workers have made great contributions to cities, where they are indispensable. A city needs many types of service industry. If it only has people with scalpels but nobody serving tea, then it cannot operate. We should respect all works. There are 260 million migrant workers in China. Of course, some of them are seasonal or temporary. The government and trade unions mobilize to help migrant workers settle down in cities, not just stay temporarily, to enjoy their work instead merely providing jobs, so that migrant workers can really integrate into city or town lives and enjoy their rights. |
| 這里我特別要強調，各級黨委和政府一定要高度重視工會工作，尤其是要重視關愛勞模的工作，支持和幫助工會做好勞模工作。一個國家要有向上的力量，勞模是標桿。有了勞模，代表著360行，行行出狀元，而且行行向狀元這個方向邁進。我們還要完善政府和工會聯席會議制度，既然是制度就要辦。通過聯席會議制度，可以多聽工人特別是普通工人的心聲。這需要推動企業民主管理，發揮好職代會的作用。 | At this point I want to emphasize that Party committees and governments in various levels must pay great attention to the functions of trade unions, especially those that care for and aid model workers, supporting and assisting trade unions so they can do a good job. A country should have positive energy, and model workers should be the examples. They are the masters of various trades and workers in their trades should follow them. We should also improve the government-trade union joint meeting mechanism. Since we have such mechanisms, we should implement them. Through the joint meetings, we can listen to the wishes of ordinary workers. We should promote democratic management in companies and fully exploit the role of workers' congresses. |
| 第四，要高度重視加強職工培訓工作。當初人們說我國有人口紅利，其實我們還有一個人才紅利，人才紅利不可小視。要打造中國經濟升級版，除了要釋放改革的最大紅利，還要推動人口紅利向人才紅利轉變。目前，已經取得了一定的成績。在整個城鎮的從業人員當中，有技能的勞動者占到了36%；有技能的勞動者當中，高技能的勞動者占到了25%。說起來不少了，但是比發達國家還有很大的差距。政府現在每年資助職工培訓1000萬人，數字也不小，但和我們龐大的億萬職工隊伍相比較還有很大差距。我們一定要在這方面舍得花錢、敢于花錢，加大對職工教育的政策傾斜，讓人口紅利真正變成人才紅利，支持工會開展職工技能培訓，讓絕大多數職工都成為有技能的從業人員，多數人能夠成為高中級技能人員。大家的積極性和創造力都迸發出來，我們的目標是一定能達到的。 | Fourthly, we should strengthen training for workers. People once said that China has a demographic dividend. In fact, our talent dividend should not be overlooked. In order to upgrade the Chinese economy, we should transform the demographic dividend into talent dividend. We have already made achievements in this area. Of all our urban employees, skilled workers account for 36 percent, and highly skilled workers account for 25 percent of the skilled ones. Although the proportion is not low, it is still far behind developed countries. The government is currently funding training for 10 million workers every year. It's not a small figure, but it is not enough considering the hundreds of millions of workers in China. We should be willing and brave enough to spend money on worker training and improve preferential policies in this area, to really change our demographic dividend into a talent dividend. We need to support trade unions in providing training, so that the majority of employees can become skilled and then become intermediate or high-level professionals. This way, we inspire everybody's enthusiasm and imagination. We must reach our goal. |
| 還要十分重視安全生產。安全生產、人命關天，必須警鐘長鳴。黨和國家一直重視勞動安全事業，這些年，我們也下了很大的功夫，但問題依然不少。實現安全生產，光靠企業的自覺還不夠，政府必須加強監管，也要發揮群眾、工會的監督作用。 | We should also give our full attention to work safety. Safe production concerns people's lives, so we should be vigilant at all times. The Party and state have paid great attentions to this and achieved a lot in improving work safety. But there are still many issues. Relying on the self-discipline of companies is not enough. The government must enhance supervision and control, and in the meantime, the public and trade unions should also play supervisory roles in this issue. |
| 同志們，讓我們更加緊密地團結在以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，團結廣大職工，為全面建成小康社會，實現中華民族偉大復興的中國夢而奮斗！最后，祝中國工會十六大圓滿成功！ | Comrades, let us unite even more closely around the leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary. Let's hold high the banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and be guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development. May the workers of the country unite to build a moderately prosperous society, and work for the Chinese dream of rejuvenating the Chinese nation! Finally, I wish the 16th National Congress of the All China Federation of Trade Unions complete success! |
| 謝謝大家。 |
Thank you.
This report was translated by Wu Jin, Chen Boyuan, Li Jingrong, Liu Qiang, Zhang Lulu, Lin Liyao and Li Shen and edited by Chris Parker. |
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