李克強在經濟合作與發展組織總部的演講（全文）
Full text: Li Keqiang's speech at the OECD headquarters
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| 當地時間7月1日上午，國務院總理李克強應邀在位于巴黎的經濟合作與發展組織總部發表主旨演講。[新華社 丁林 攝] Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivers a speech at the headquarters of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, France, July 1, 2015. [Ding Lin/Xinhua] |
| 國務院總理李克強當地時間7月1日上午應邀在經濟合作與發展組織總部發表題為《聚焦發展共創繁榮》的主旨演講。全文如下： | Chinese Premier Li Keqiang delivered a speech titled "Keep Development in Focus and Create Prosperity for All" at the headquarters of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) in Paris, France, July 1, 2015.?Following is the full text of the speech: |
聚焦發展 共創繁榮 | Keep Development in Focus and Create Prosperity for All |
| 尊敬的古里亞秘書長， 女士們，先生們： | Secretary-General Angel Gurria, Ladies and Gentlemen, |
| 剛才，古里亞秘書長發表了熱情洋溢的致辭，回顧了中國同經濟合作與發展組織建立政策對話合作關系20周年的歷程。對于擁有13億人口的中國這個最大發展中國家來說，我們改革開放30多年來始終把發展作為第一要務。從全球看，無論是實現富裕還是推進文明，都需要解決貧困、疾病等各種問題，歸根到底要靠發展。在當今世界經濟深度融合的背景下，解決這些問題需要國際合作。 | In his warm and inspiring remarks just now, Secretary-General Gurria looked back at a journey of 20 years since China and the OECD started the policy dialogue. For China, the world's biggest developing country with 1.3 billion people, development has always been of top priority throughout the 30-odd years of reform and opening-up. At the global level, problems like poverty and diseases have to be addressed while we are promoting prosperity and progress in civilization. And that, in the final analysis, has to be done through development. In a world of deeply integrated economies, solutions to these problems lie in international cooperation. |
| 長期以來，中國立足自身國情，借鑒國際經驗，在發展問題上進行了艱辛探索。中國依靠改革開放，經濟社會發展取得了舉世矚目的偉大成就。這個時候，我們聽到國際上一些朋友問，中國已經發展得很好了，發展中國家的“帽子”是不是該摘掉了？應該看到，中國作為世界上最大的發展中國家，雖然經濟總量已位居世界第二，但人均GDP只有7589美元，相當于全球平均水平的65%、美國的1/7、歐盟的1/5，排在全球第80位。中國的綜合發展水平特別是創新能力、勞動生產率、社會福利水平等與發達國家相比仍有不小差距，有的指標甚至比一些發展中國家還要低。以大家熟知的聯合國人類發展指數為例，中國排在第91位。中國城鄉、區域發展不平衡。北京、上海等大城市現代化程度不算低，但如果到中西部特別是偏遠農村去看看，那里的居住、交通、教育、醫療等條件還很差，有的地方甚至連吃水都困難。從減貧任務看，改革開放以來，中國減少了6億貧困人口，確實取得了令人矚目的成績，也最早實現了貧困人口減半的聯合國千年發展目標。但是，我們面臨的減貧任務依然不輕松?，F在，中國城鄉低保人口有7400萬，殘疾人有8500萬，按我們自己的標準還有7000多萬農村貧困人口。若按照世界銀行標準，中國還有約2億貧困人口，相當于法國、德國、英國人口的總和。今年3月，經合組織發表了《一個都不能少：推動中國實現包容性增長》的報告。你們列舉的一些數據、作出的一些結論是有說服力的，與中國學者的判斷大體一致。在十幾億人口的國家要實現現代化，人類歷史上沒有先例，必須做出長期艱苦的努力。我們清楚認識到所面臨的挑戰，下最大決心努力實現到本世紀中葉達到中等發達國家水平的目標。 | Over the years, in light of its own national conditions and drawing on the successes of other countries, China has made tremendous efforts to explore a way to development. Thanks to reform and opening-up, China has scored remarkable achievements in economic and social development. Today, some foreign friends may ask, "China has come such a long way. Isn't it time to stop calling China a developing country?" As a matter of fact, China remains the biggest developing country. True, China has become the world's second largest economy. But its per capita GDP is a mere 7,589 US dollars, ranking 80th in the world. To give it some context, China's per capita GDP is 65% of the global average, 1/7 that of the United States and 1/5 that of the European Union. When it comes to overall development level, especially in terms of innovation capacity, productivity and social welfare, China lags far behind developed countries. And in some areas, China even has lower rankings than some fellow developing countries. Take the United Nations' human development index (HDI) for example, China ranks 91st. Besides, development is uneven between China's urban and rural areas and between its various regions. There are modern metropolises like Beijing and Shanghai. But when you go to the central and western part of the country, especially those far-flung villages, you will probably see poor conditions for living, transportation, education and medical service. People in some areas even have difficulty accessing drinking water. Since the start of reform and opening-up, China has reduced its poverty population by 600 million. This is indeed an impressive feat, making China the first to attain the MDG of halving extreme poverty. That said, China still has a challenge to meet in poverty alleviation. In China, 74 million people still rely on basic living allowances and 85 million are living with disabilities. By China's own standard, over 70 million people in rural areas are living in poverty, and by World Bank standard, China still has a poor population of 200 million, which is equivalent to the population of France, Germany and the United Kingdom combined. In March, the OECD issued a report All on Board: Making Inclusive Growth Happen in China. It includes some convincing figures and conclusions, which are generally in line with the estimates of Chinese scholars. To achieve modernization in a country with more than a billion people, there is no ready example to follow and no option other than to work long and hard. We are keenly aware of the challenges we face. But this does not make us any less determined to turn China into a medium developed country by the middle of the century. |
| 女士們，先生們！ | Ladies and Gentlemen, |
| 國際金融危機爆發7年來，全球經濟復蘇進程一波三折，前景仍不明朗。最近，包括經合組織在內的一些國際機構下調了世界經濟增長預測。如何穩定經濟，增加就業，促進可持續發展，是我們面臨的共同挑戰。我想就此談幾點看法。 | It has been seven years since the global financial crisis broke out. The economic recovery process, which has been through many twists and turns, still shows uncertainties. Recently, the OECD and some other international institutions have revised down their growth outlook for the world economy. How to stabilize the economy, create new jobs and ensure sustainable development remains the challenge for all countries. In this connection, I want to share with you the following thoughts. |
| 第一，維護和平發展環境。世界和平是發展最重要的保障，沒有和平什么事都辦不成。今年是聯合國成立70周年，也是世界反法西斯戰爭勝利70周年。正是有了這70年總體和平的國際環境，世界才實現了前所未有的發展和繁榮。我們要倍加珍惜來之不易的勝利果實，堅決捍衛《聯合國憲章》的宗旨和原則，堅定維護以聯合國為核心的戰后國際秩序和體系。在經濟全球化深入發展的今天，世界各國的利益交融不斷加深，休戚相關。但這個世界并不太平，熱點問題和局部沖突此起彼伏。我們主張，有關各方應當以和平合作的方式，通過對話與談判尋求解決之道。國際社會應當尊重當事國和地區人民的意愿，營造團結和解的氛圍。中華文化自古就主張以和為貴、以德服人，反對以勢壓人、強加于人。無論過去、現在還是將來，中國都是世界和平和國際秩序的堅定維護者和促進者。中國將堅定維護領土主權等核心利益，也倡導建立地區合作機制，使我們能夠生活在一個和平的世界、穩定的地區環境之中。 | First, it is important to uphold the environment for peaceful development. Peace is the number one guarantee for development, without which nothing could be accomplished. This year marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of the United Nations and the victory of the world's anti-Fascist war. Overall peace in the past 70 years has brought unprecedented development and prosperity. The outcome of the hard-won victory needs to be cherished. The purposes and principles of the UN Charter should be safeguarded, and the UN-centered post-war international order should be resolutely upheld. Deep economic globalization has bound the interests and destinies of countries closely together. But the world is by no means peaceful, and hotspot issues and local conflicts have kept cropping up. China believes that relevant parties need to find a peaceful solution through cooperation, dialogue and negotiation. The international community should respect the will of relevant countries and peoples and endeavor to foster an atmosphere for unity and reconciliation. The Chinese culture has all along valued peace and virtue and rejected the practice of bullying others or imposing one's own will on others. China was, is and will continue to be a strong advocate and facilitator of world peace and international order. China will be resolute in upholding its territorial sovereignty and core interests. China calls for the establishment of a regional cooperation mechanism to ensure that we continue to enjoy an environment of world peace and regional stability. |
| 第二，加快結構性改革。從歷史上看，危機之時往往是改革之機。近年來，世界各國都在從國際金融危機中汲取教訓，大刀闊斧推進結構性改革。這是應對世界經濟下行挑戰的必由之路。與此同時，互聯網、大數據、3D打印等新技術快速普及，也為全球經濟復蘇增添了亮色。 | Second, it is important to step up structural reform. History shows that crises, more often than not, are accompanied with opportunities for change. Countries concerned have learned useful lessons from the international financial crisis. They have realized that vigorous structural reform is the surest way to getting out of the global economic downturn. On top of that, rapid spread of new technologies, like the Internet, big data and 3D printing, also adds new impetus to world economic recovery. |
| 在我看來，結構性改革最重要的是要激發民眾的積極性和創造力，使經濟增長保持生機和活力。每個人都是有想象力和創造力的。中國有句諺語，“人心齊，泰山移”。西方人常說，“兩個腦袋比一個腦袋好使”。世界有70多億人口，如果每個人的才能都能充分發揮出來，就能創造出任何人間的奇跡。我們要順勢而為，通過結構性改革，消除束縛人的創造力的體制機制障礙。這不僅有利于激發市場活力和社會創造力，也有利于公平分配，促進包容性增長。 | In my view, structural reform, first and foremost, is about stimulating people's initiative and creativity and sustaining economic growth. Indeed, everyone has a gift for imagination and creation. The Chinese say that when people are of the same mind, they could move Mount Tai. And Westerners say that two heads work better than one. Just imagine if the talent of all seven billion people on earth could be leveraged. The result would simply be miracle. It is imperative that we follow the trend of the times and have structural reforms to remove institutional and structural barriers to people's ingenuity. This could accomplish more than invigorating the market. It will also facilitate fairer distribution and inclusive growth. |
| 中國政府近年來大力倡導大眾創業、萬眾創新，就是要把13億人口特別是9億勞動力的智慧發揮出來，把7000多萬市場主體尤其是1900多萬家企業的潛力充分挖掘出來，集眾智才能成大事。在這里，我與大家分享一些親歷的故事。今年5月，我去北京中關村看過3W創業咖啡館，許多懷揣夢想的年輕人在那里把“好點子”變成“好生意”，圓了創業夢。大企業也可以這么做。海爾集團將傳統的層級管控組織重塑為新型創業創新平臺，讓員工成為創客，在這個平臺上孕育產生各種“奇思妙想”，海爾既可以自己用，也可以對外合作開發，使公司變成一個大的創新資源聚集之地。平臺孵化了2000多家小微公司，推出了1000多個創新產品及創業項目，吸引了1300多家風險投資基金，創造了100多萬個就業機會。又如，中核集團“華龍一號”核電技術是依托互聯網協同研發的，他們連接的科研機構有20多個，終端達500多臺。由此可見，人類創業創新有著巨大的潛力和空間。 | In recent years, the Chinese government has strongly encouraged mass entrepreneurship and innovation. This is aimed at leveraging the wisdom of the 1.3 billion Chinese people, particularly the 900 million in the workforce, and fully tapping the potential of the over 70 million market players, especially the over 19 million enterprises. We know that big things can only be done by pooling the wisdom of people together, and I myself have seen success stories with my eyes. In May this year, I visited the 3W Cafe in Beijing's Zhongguancun area, where aspiring young men and women have been given the opportunity to turn their good ideas into good business and realize their dream of setting up their own businesses. In fact, big companies in China are doing just the same. The Haier Group, for instance, has shifted their traditional hierarchical management system and set up a new platform for entrepreneurship and innovation. Their employees have become makers who produce all kinds of fancy ideas on the platform. These ideas are later on developed by Haier itself, or in collaboration with other companies. This way, the platform for new ideas has incubated over 2,000 small and micro businesses and nurtured over 1,000 innovative products and startup projects. Over 1,300 venture investment funds have been attracted, and more than one million jobs created. The China National Nuclear Corporation, for another example, has developed the Hualong One nuclear technology through Internet-based R&D in collaboration with over 20 research institutes on 500 terminals. So we have seen what could be done when huge potential is unleashed for entrepreneurship and innovation. |
| 為了推動大眾創業、萬眾創新，中國政府正在大力推進簡政放權、放管結合、優化服務。新增市場主體井噴式增長，今年前5個月新注冊企業平均每天1萬戶。這些新設立的企業大多屬于小微企業和服務業，就業容量大。中國經濟增長速度雖然有所放緩，但就業不減反增，而且青年人的就業穩定增加，靠的就是改革創新。創業創新沒有國界。我們愿與各國加強交流合作，開展聯合技術攻關，消除技術轉移壁壘，不斷匯聚經濟發展的源頭活水。 | To encourage mass entrepreneurship and innovation, the Chinese government has taken measures to streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services. New market players are increasing in exponential terms. Each day in the past five months, some 10,000 new businesses were registered. Most of them are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) or service providers. Together, they employ lots of people. As a result, more jobs have been created and employment for the young has grown steadily despite a moderated speed of economic growth. All this is attributable to reform and innovation. Entrepreneurship and innovation know no boundaries. China wants to increase interaction and cooperation with other countries to jointly address technological challenges, remove barriers to technology transfer and open up new sources for economic growth. |
| 第三，開展國際產能合作。國際金融危機發生以后，一些國家采取量化寬松政策，這對于防止經濟衰退是必要的。但要使世界經濟強勁復蘇，必須多措并舉支持實體經濟發展，很重要的就是推動國際產能合作。當今世界，發展中國家有近60億人口，其中不少國家還處在工業化初期，需要增長和減貧，需要建設基礎設施，裝備需求很大，但這些國家資金有限，大都買不起高端裝備。而中國已進入工業化中期，經濟體量大，200多種工業品產量居世界首位，裝備水平處在全球產業鏈的中端，性價比高。同時，發達國家處于工業化后期或后工業化階段，正在推行“再工業化”，擁有高端裝備技術。中方愿將自身的裝備與發展中國家的需求結合起來，降低其采購成本，支持其工業發展。也愿同發達國家通過合資、合作等方式聯合起來，購買他們的核心技術、關鍵零部件和一些節能環保設備，這就不僅能為發展中國家提供價格較低、質量較高的產品，而且還能大大提高節能環保水平。最近，我訪問拉美時，考察了出口到那里的中國產渡輪，其動力系統就是從發達國家采購的，不是柴油發動機而是柴油發電機，不會造成污染。 | Third, it is important to carry out global cooperation on production capacity. Since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, some countries have taken a QE policy, which was necessary to forestall an economic recession. But to ensure strong growth of the world economy, it is imperative to adopt multiple measures to support the real economy. One way to do that is to carry out global cooperation on production capacity. Now nearly six billion people live in developing countries. Many of them are at the early stage of industrialization. This means a huge need for poverty reduction, infrastructure development and equipment manufacturing, which all serve to spur growth. Yet limited financial resources may have barred many of these countries from getting high-end equipment. China, for its part, has entered the middle stage of industrialization. The sheer size of China makes it the largest producer of more than 200 industrial products in the world. Chinese equipment, being at the middle-end of the global industrial chain, is competitive given their high quality and low prices. And when it comes to developed countries, they are in the advanced stage of industrialization or even a post-industrial period with a focus on re-industrialization. So they have an advantage to offer in terms of high-end equipment and technology. China's strength in equipment manufacturing could well be tapped to meet the need of developing countries for lower procurement costs and industrial upgrading. China may also work with developed countries to set up joint ventures or cooperative operations. China may buy core technologies, key parts and components and energy saving and environmentally friendly equipment from developed countries, therefore offering developing countries inexpensive, quality and energy conserving products that are more environmentally friendly. During my recent visit to Latin America, I got on-board a China-made ferry that is powered by a diesel electric system purchased from a developed country, instead of a conventional diesel engine, making it largely pollution-free. |
| 我們倡導國際產能合作，是開放式的合作，既采用發達國家的先進技術設備，也面向發展中國家就地生產裝配，還與國際金融機構進行融資合作，可以向全球市場提供物美價廉的裝備、產能以及有保障的金融服務。我這次訪問法國，同法方簽署了共同開發第三方市場的合作協議，中國的產能與法國及其他發達國家的技術結合起來，共同推動廣大發展中國家的基礎設施建設、工業化進程和發展減貧。由此，既可以使發展中國家提升工業水平，也可以倒逼中國產業升級，還可以帶動發達國家核心技術和創意出口，實現三方共贏。這也是南南合作、南北合作新的重要途徑，更是通過發展實體經濟應對世界經濟下行挑戰的有效良方。我們可以把金融合作與實體經濟發展結合起來，把資本支持和投資品貿易結合起來，最終有利于發展中國家工業化，也有利于發達國家再工業化。 | China calls for open global cooperation on production capacity. The idea involves advanced technology and equipment from developed countries, localized production and assembly in developing countries as well as financing cooperation with international financial institutions. Such a cooperation model will provide the global market with cost effective equipment, production capacity and solid financial services. During my current visit, China and France signed an agreement on jointly exploring third-party markets. China's production capacity will be joined with advanced technology of France and other developed countries to promote infrastructure development, industrialization and poverty reduction in developing countries. This will raise the level of industrialization in developing countries, promote China's industrial upgrading and drive the export of core technologies and creative products from developed countries. The result could be win-win for all three parties. I believe this could be a new and important way for South-South and North-South cooperation. It could boost the real economy and help counter the downward pressure in global economy. In fact, both industrialization in developing countries and re-industrialization in developed countries will be advanced if we could properly combine financing cooperation with development of the real economy, and capital support with trade in investment goods. |
| 今年下半年，聯合國將召開發展峰會，氣候變化大會和第三次發展籌資大會也將舉行。發達國家應履行官方發展援助承諾，增加對發展中國家特別是非洲等地區最不發達國家的支持，進一步減免債務、開放市場。中國愿與各方一道，推動制定一個公平、包容、可持續的2015年后發展議程。我們已經明確了到2030年應對氣候變化的自主貢獻行動目標和政策方向，愿與各國共同努力，推動巴黎氣候大會如期達成新協議。 | Later this year, the United Nations will convene a development summit, a climate change conference and the Third International Conference on Financing for Development. We call on developed countries to follow through on their ODA commitment, scale up support to developing countries, especially least developed countries in Africa and elsewhere, and further cut the debts of and open up markets to developing countries. China stands ready to work with all parties to deliver a fair, inclusive and sustainable post-2015 development agenda. On climate change, China has outlined its nationally determined actions and policies before 2030, and will work with other countries towards reaching the much-anticipated new climate deal at the Paris conference. |
| 女士們，先生們！ | Ladies and Gentlemen, |
| 各位朋友非常關注中國經濟走勢。我想告訴大家的是，今年以來，中國經濟運行總體平穩，穩中向好。一季度GDP增長7%，從5、6月份的情況看，工業、投資、消費、出口等主要經濟指標企穩回升，市場信心增強。結構調整步伐加快，服務業比重超過一半，新產品、新業態、新商業模式大量涌現。比如，前5個月網絡零售增長38.5%，5月當月新能源汽車、工業機器人產量同比分別增長2.8倍和1.3倍。這些亮點反映出，中國的產業在升級，增長動能在轉換。 | I know many of you are interested in China's economic prospect. Let me assure you that on the whole, the Chinese economy is steady and moving in the right direction. GDP grew by 7% in the first quarter. Major economic data of May and June such as industrial output, investment, consumption and export have stabilized and rallied, and market confidence has strengthened. Economic structural adjustment has picked up speed - the services sector now accounts for more than half of the economy, and new products, sectors and business models have emerged in great numbers. In the first five months of this year, online retail sales rose by 38.5%. In May, output of new-energy cars and industrial robots increased by 2.8 times and 1.3 times respectively. All these point to the fact that China's industrial development is upgrading and the Chinese economy is being driven by new growth drivers. |
| 當然，中國經濟仍面臨下行的壓力，一些深層次矛盾凸顯。但這是“成長中的煩惱”。我們將把握好穩增長與調結構的平衡，繼續實施積極的財政政策和穩健的貨幣政策，在區間調控的基礎上加強定向調控，通過深化改革開放頂住下行壓力，做到調速不減勢，量增質更優。中國市場廣闊，可供選擇的調控工具多。我們有條件有信心實現今年經濟發展預期目標，努力保持經濟中高速增長，邁向中高端水平。 | There is no denying however that China still faces downward pressure and some deep-seated problems. But these are "growing pains". We will strike a proper balance between steady growth and structural adjustment, continue to implement the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy, and strengthen targeted regulation on the basis of range-based regulation so as to cushion the downward pressure through deeper reform and opening-up. Our aim is to keep the economic momentum with moderated rate of growth and to raise both the quantity and quality of the Chinese economy. Given the size of the Chinese market, there is a variety of regulation tools we may resort to. We have both the confidence and the capabilities to meet the target set for this year, and we will strive to sustain medium-high rate of growth and move the Chinese economy toward medium-high level of development. |
| 女士們，先生們！ | Ladies and Gentlemen, |
| 中國作為一個發展中國家，與經合組織建立政策對話合作關系20年來，開展了多種形式的交流合作，經合組織為中國的發展提出了不少寶貴建議，中國的實踐也拓展了經合組織的研究視野。剛才，我與古里亞秘書長就深化中國與經合組織的合作交換了意見。雙方簽署了合作中期愿景和2015年至2016年工作計劃，明確了合作的重點領域和路線圖。借此機會，我宣布，中國有關機構正式加入經合組織發展中心。明年，中國將舉辦二十國集團峰會，我們愿與各方共謀發展之策，也歡迎經合組織提供有力支持。 | China as a developing country has engaged the OECD in various forms of exchanges and cooperation since our policy dialogue started 20 years ago. While China has benefited a lot from the OECD's views and recommendations, China's development has offered the OECD a broader perspective in its research endeavor. Before coming here, Secretary-General Gurria and I discussed ways to deepen the OECD's cooperation with China. The two sides also signed a Medium-term Vision Statement and a joint Program of Work for 2015-2016, identifying priority areas and the roadmap for future cooperation. Here I wish to announce the formal accession of a Chinese institution to the OECD Development Center. As China will play host to the G20 summit next year, we look forward to discussing with all parties ways to advance development, and the OECD's strong support is more than welcome in this connection. |
| 中國人歷來推崇“知行合一”。讓我們攜起手來，既做思想者也做行動者，想出更多好主意，拿出更多務實行動，推動共同發展，更好地增進全人類福祉。 | The Chinese culture emphasizes the need to match knowledge with action. Let us think and act together to come up with better ideas and more concrete actions to advance the common development and wellbeing of the entire human race. |
| 謝謝大家！ | Thank you very much. |
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