《中國性別平等與婦女發展》白皮書
White Paper: Gender Equality and Women's Development in China
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| 一、性別平等與婦女發展的機制保障 | I. The Institutional Foundation for Gender Equality and Women's Development |
| 國家建立提高婦女地位的機制，是充分利用政府資源，有效調動社會資源，推進性別平等與婦女發展的重要保障。20年來，中國提高婦女地位的機制不斷健全，作用日益凸顯。 | China's national mechanism for promoting the status of women, fully utilizing government resources and effectively mobilizing social resources, lays an important foundation for promoting gender equality and women's development. Over the past two decades, the mechanism has been constantly improved to allow it to play an increasingly prominent role. |
| 不斷完善提高婦女地位的政府工作機構。1990年，中國成立了國務院婦女兒童工作委員會，負責組織、協調、指導、督促有關部門，共同促進性別平等與婦女發展。國務院婦女兒童工作委員會由相關政府部門部級領導組成，主任由國務院領導擔任。20年來，成員單位從成立初的19個增至目前的35個，包括國家發展改革委、教育部、民政部、財政部、人力資源社會保障部、農業部、國家衛生計生委等29個部門和6個群體組織。國務院婦女兒童工作委員會下設辦公室負責日常工作，配有專職工作人員和專項工作經費。全國31個省(區、市)縣級以上人民政府均成立了相應機構，基本形成了縱向貫通、橫向聯動、協同配合的促進性別平等與婦女發展組織體系。 | The state has kept improving government organs for promoting the status of women. In 1990, the State Council established the National Working Committee on Children and Women (NWCCW), which has been commissioned the responsibilities to organize, coordinate, guide, supervise and urge departments concerned in promoting gender equality and women's development. Composed of leading ministerial-level members from relevant government organs, the Committee is chaired by a member of the State Council leadership. Over the previous 20 years, the Committee has expanded its member units from 19 to 35, now including government organs such as the National Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Agriculture, and the National Health and Family Planning Commission, in addition to six mass organizations. The Committee has a general office doing day-to-day work by full-time staff with specially allocated funds. Relevant organizations have been set up under people's governments above the county level in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government, forming a multi-dimensional and well-coordinated network for promoting gender equality and women's development. |
| 制定實施促進婦女發展的國家規劃綱要。第十、第十一和第十二個國民經濟和社會發展五年規劃都將婦女發展列入其中，內容不斷豐富，目標更加明確，措施更加有效，推動婦女與經濟社會同步協調發展。國務院先后頒布三個周期的中國婦女發展綱要，明確各階段婦女發展的總體目標、重點領域及策略措施，全國31個省(區、市)縣級以上人民政府分別制定本地區婦女發展規劃，形成了全國自上而下促進婦女發展的規劃體系。各級婦女兒童工作委員會分別建立目標管理責任制，將主要目標分解到相關職能部門，并納入相關專項規劃加以落實；建立綱要評估機制，對綱要落實情況進行年度監測評估、中期督導評估和終期總結評估，確保綱要規劃目標如期實現。 | The state has developed and implemented national plans and programs for promoting women's development. Women's development was included in China's 10th, 11th and 12th five-year plans for economic and social development, each time with greater emphasis, clearer goals, and more effective measures for promoting coordinated development between Chinese women and China's economy and society. The State Council has issued three programs covering different periods for the development of Chinese women, clearly defining the overall goals, key areas and policies and measures to be adopted for women's development at different stages. People's governments at and above the county level in the 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities have worked out similar programs for women's development for areas within their respective jurisdiction, thus forming a top-down framework for promoting women's development at all levels. Adopting the target management responsibility system, the working committees on children and women at various levels resolve and allocate the main targets to the related functional departments of the governments and see to it that they are included in corresponding plans and implemented. They also established an appraisal system and carried out assessments of the implementation results of the programs at the end of every year, and in the middle and at the end of the implementation of the programs, ensuring that the targets set in these programs were met as scheduled. |
| 建立健全政府主導、多部門合作、全社會參與的工作機制。國務院和地方各級政府定期召開婦女兒童工作會議，進行專題研究部署。國務院和地方婦女兒童工作委員會每年召開專題會議，聽取成員單位的工作匯報，對婦女發展綱要規劃的實施情況進行分析，針對突出問題，研究制定策略措施，推動綱要順利實施。引導各地積極探索建立法規政策性別平等評估機制，為從源頭促進性別平等與婦女發展提供堅實的機制保障。國家重視和支持婦聯組織代表和維護婦女權益、促進性別平等。當前，具有中國特色的婦聯組織體系更加完善，在性別平等的理論研究、宣傳倡導、教育培訓等方面作用日益突出。 | The state has established a working mechanism featuring leadership by the government, multi-departmental cooperation and participation of the whole of society. The State Council and local governments at various levels hold working meetings on children and women on a regular basis to discuss and make plans. Every year, the State Council and local working committees on children and women hold special meetings to hear reports from all their member units, analyze progress made in the implementation of the current program for women's development, and work out measures to address matters of pressing concern for the smooth implementation of the program. Guidance has been given to local governments in actively exploring the establishment of an assessment system of laws and policies related to gender equality, so as to provide at the source a solid institutional guarantee for promoting gender equality and women's development. The state supports the women's federation organizations in representing and safeguarding women's rights and promoting gender equality. As the organizational system of women's federations is better established, it has been playing an increasingly prominent role in conducting theoretical studies and carrying out publicity, education and training programs in relation to gender equality. |
| 逐步完善性別統計制度。建立婦女發展綜合統計制度，將其納入國家和部門常規統計或統計調查，規范和完善婦女生存發展統計指標和分性別統計指標。逐步建立國家和省(區、市)婦女狀況監測體系，制定統計監測指標體系，建立各地區各部門綜合統計報表和定期報送審評制度。1990年、2000年、2010年開展三期中國婦女社會地位調查，全面客觀反映中國婦女社會地位的狀況和變化，為國家制定促進婦女發展、推動性別平等政策措施提供依據。1995年、1999年、2004年、2007年和2012年，分別出版《中國社會中的女人和男人——事實和數據》；2008年起，每年出版《中國婦女兒童狀況統計資料》。 | The state has gradually improved the gender statistics system. A comprehensive statistics system has been established on women's development and it has been included in the routine statistics and statistical surveys undertaken by the state and relevant departments, and women's health, well-being and development indicators and gender-disaggregated indicators have been standardized and improved. The state has gradually established a monitoring system for women's conditions at the national and provincial (autonomous region, municipal) levels, worked out a statistical monitoring and indicator system, and established a system in which local governments and relevant departments produce comprehensive statistical reports and submit reports for review on a regular basis. In 1990, 2000 and 2010, China carried out three surveys, which fully and objectively reflected the conditions and changes in Chinese women's social status, providing valuable reference for the government to formulate policies and measures to promote women's development and gender equality. The state published Women and Men in Chinese Society - Facts and Statistics in 1995, and updated it with new data in 1999, 2004, 2007 and 2012; and has published annual releases of Statistics on the Status of Chinese Women and Children since 2008. |
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