2016年國民經濟和社會發展計劃報告（全文）
Full text: Report on China's economic, social development plan (2016)
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| 三、2016年經濟社會發展的主要任務 | III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2016 |
| 2016年，將緊緊圍繞適應引領經濟新常態、貫徹落實發展新理念，重點推進9方面工作，確保“十三五”開好局、起好步。 | In 2016, with the focus on adapting to and guiding the new normal in economic development and applying the new development philosophy, we will carry out work in the following nine areas to ensure a good start to the 13th Five-Year Plan: |
| （一）推進供給側結構性改革重點任務。調既有存量、改造提升傳統動能，擴有效增量、培育發展新動能，提高供給結構的適應性和靈活性，增強持續增長動力。 | 1. Making progress in major tasks for supply-side structural reform We will adjust existing resources so as to upgrade traditional drivers for development, while also incorporating additional effective resources so as to foster new drivers; at the same time, we will make the supply structure more adaptable and flexible with a view to increasing the impetus for sustainable growth. |
| 一是積極穩妥化解過剩產能。更加注重運用市場機制、經濟手段、法治辦法，更加注重分類有序、因地施策、因業施策、因企施策，更加注重標本兼治、建立市場化產能調節長效機制。實行嚴格的環保、能耗、安全、技術標準，嚴控增量，嚴肅財經、信貸紀律，分類推進企業兼并重組、債務和解、破產重整乃至破產清算，積極穩妥處置長期虧損、失去清償能力和市場競爭力的企業。加大財稅、金融、土地等政策支持，促進鋼鐵、煤炭等行業脫困和轉型升級，把職工安置作為化解產能過剩工作的重中之重，中央設立專項獎補資金，重點用于職工分流安置。 | 1) We will actively and steadily address overcapacity. We will put greater emphasis on making use of market forces, economic measures and rule of law approaches; on applying targeted policies tailored to local conditions and specific industries and enterprises in an orderly fashion; and on addressing both the symptoms and root causes of overcapacity by establishing a permanent market-based mechanism for adjusting enterprises' production capacity. We will adopt strict standards for environmental protection, energy consumption, safety, and technology; tighten control on the expansion of production capacity; enforce strict financial and credit rules; work with enterprises on a case-by-case basis to carry out mergers, reorganizations, debt restructuring, or bankruptcy through reorganization or liquidation; and actively yet prudently deal with enterprises that have long been indebted, insolvent, and uncompetitive. We will increase support through fiscal, tax, financial, and land policies to help turn around and upgrade the steel, coal, and other industries. When addressing the issue of overcapacity, priority will be given to ensuring proper arrangements are made for workers who are laid off, and funds for rewards and subsidies will be set up to ensure they are resettled and provided with employment. |
| 二是努力降低企業成本。開展降低實體經濟企業成本行動，著力降低制度性交易成本、人工成本、稅費負擔、融資成本、用能用地成本、物流成本，研究降低社會保險費。精簡涉企審批事項和辦事程序，推進企業管理創新。合理把握最低工資標準提高幅度。進一步正稅清費，實行涉企收費目錄清單管理，全面推開營改增，加快資源稅改革，研究精簡歸并“五險一金”，完善住房公積金制度，適當降低企業住房公積金繳存比例。深化利率市場化改革，發展股權融資，擴大債券發行規模，穩步降低企業綜合融資成本。加快電力、熱力、石油、天然氣等體制機制改革。推進流通體制改革。 | 2) We will work to lower business costs. We should cut the cost of operating for enterprises in the real economy, working hard to reduce transaction costs imposed by government, labor costs, the tax burden, financing costs, energy costs, land-use expenses, and logistics costs, and we will also explore the possibility of reducing social insurance premiums. We will streamline the government review and approval process as well as related procedures for enterprises, and help them make innovations in management. We will raise minimum wages by a reasonable amount. We will continue to revise and streamline taxes and fees; draw up lists and catalogs to manage all fees and charges relating to enterprises; replace business tax with VAT in all industries; accelerate reform of the resource tax; and research the feasibility of streamlining and consolidating old-age insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, workers' compensation, maternity insurance, and the housing provident fund. Improvements will be made to the housing provident fund system and the proportion that enterprises contribute to the fund will be reduced by an appropriate amount. We will further liberalize interest rates, develop equity financing, increase the issuance of bonds, and steadily reduce overall financing costs for enterprises. We will accelerate structural reform of the electricity, heat, petroleum, and natural gas industries, and advance reform of the commodity distribution system. |
| 三是有序化解商品房庫存。推進以滿足新市民住房需求為主的住房制度改革，合理降低交易成本，鼓勵農民工在中小城市購房，落實好首次購房優惠政策。培育發展住房租賃市場，鼓勵自然人和各類機構投資者購買庫存商品房，擴大租賃市場房源。提高棚戶區改造以及其他房屋征收項目貨幣化安置比例，實施公租房貨幣化。用足用好住房公積金，把有能力有意愿的個體工商戶和農民工逐步納入住房公積金體制。 | 3) We will reduce commodity housing stock in a well-ordered way. In carrying out reform of the housing system, we will focus on meeting the demand of new urban residents by appropriately lowering transaction costs, encouraging rural migrant workers to purchase homes in small and medium-sized cities, and implementing policies to provide incentives for first-time home buyers. In order to develop the housing rental market, we will encourage both individuals and investors from various types of institutions to purchase commodity housing stock so as to increase the supply of rental housing. We will expand the use of direct monetary housing subsidies for people displaced by the rebuilding of run-down areas and other housing requisition projects, and also provide subsidies for people living in public rental housing. We will ensure efficient use of the housing provident fund, and gradually allow self-employed people and rural migrant workers, who have adequate financial resources, to participate in the housing provident fund scheme on a voluntary basis. |
| 四是著力補齊短板。把脫貧攻堅同擴大有效供給、化解過剩產能有機結合起來，打好脫貧攻堅戰。支持企業技術改造和設備更新。推動制造業高端化、智能化、綠色化、服務化，采用先進制造產業投資基金注資、股權投資、投資補助等方式，集中實施一批工程化、產業化示范項目，培育發展新興產業。補齊軟硬基礎設施短板。以綜合交通樞紐建設為核心，加快“最后一公里”水電氣路、新一代信息基礎設施、新能源汽車基礎設施、城市地下管網、儲氣調峰設施、城際交通基礎設施互聯互通、城鄉物流基礎設施網絡、生態保護和環境治理等建設。推動交通物流融合發展，提升綜合效率和效益。全面加強教育事業，加快推進中西部教育發展，加強對農民工、職業農民、退役軍人和下崗失業人員的培訓。實施山水林田湖生態保護和修復工程，加大環境治理力度，改革環境治理基礎制度，增強生態保護和環境治理能力，筑牢生態安全屏障。 | 4) We will work to strengthen points of weakness. In a bid to win the battle against poverty, we will integrate the task of poverty alleviation with the tasks of increasing effective supply and addressing overcapacity. We will support the upgrading of equipment and technology in enterprises. We will see to it that manufacturing becomes higher-end, smarter, more eco-friendly, and better able to provide services; and with the aim of fostering and developing emerging industries, we will use measures such as injecting capital into the investment fund for advanced manufacturing, making equity investments, and subsidizing investment to finance the implementation of a number of demonstration programs that are project-oriented and industry-specific. We will also work to reinforce points of weakness in our hard and soft infrastructure. With the focus on developing integrated transportation hubs, we will step up efforts to extend water, power, and gas supply networks and roads to every "last kilometer" in rural areas; develop next-generation information infrastructure, new-energy vehicle facilities, urban underground pipeline networks, gas storage facilities, intercity transportation infrastructure, and urban and rural logistics networks; and promote ecological protection and environmental improvement. We will promote integrated development of transportation and logistics infrastructure so as to improve their overall efficiency and returns. We will comprehensively develop education, speed up efforts to promote education in the central and western regions, and strengthen training for rural migrant workers, commercial farmers, former military personnel, laid-off workers, and the unemployed. We will protect and restore mountain, water, forest, and farmland ecosystems, step up environmental governance efforts, reform the foundational systems for environmental governance, increase our capacity to conserve ecosystems and improve the environment, and build ecological security shields. |
| 五是防范化解金融等風險。加強經濟運行監測預警和政策預研儲備，創新和完善宏觀調控方式，提高風險預測防范能力，保持經濟運行在合理區間，確保發展的連續性和穩定性。加強金融宏觀審慎管理制度建設，全方位監管系統重要性金融機構、金融控股公司和重要金融基礎設施，健全前瞻性金融風險監測、評估和應對機制，完善股市、匯市、債市風險處置預案和金融機構退出機制，支持銀行核銷處置不良貸款，有序釋放信用違約風險，規范各類融資行為，開展互聯網金融風險專項整治，加大金融詐騙、非法集資打擊力度，堅決守住不發生系統性區域性風險底線。著力緩解財政收支矛盾，完善地方政府債務限額管理、預算管理、風險預警和監督考核制度，完善全口徑政府債務管理，改進地方政府債券發行辦法。加強對實體經濟的支持，防止企業“三角債”、資金鏈斷裂放大蔓延。落實好援企穩崗、社保補貼、稅費減免等政策，加大再就業支持力度。加強和創新社會治理，深入排查和調處化解社會矛盾，維護社會和諧穩定。 | 5) We will guard against and defuse financial and other risks. In order to keep the economy operating within an appropriate range and ensure the continuity and stability of development, we will improve the monitoring and early-warning system for economic performance, conduct preparatory research to maintain policy options for different eventualities, create new methods of macro regulation and improve existing ones, and increase our capacity for predicting and guarding against risks. We will strengthen the system for macro-prudential financial regulation, comprehensively oversee and regulate systemically important financial institutions, financial holding companies, and key financial infrastructures. We will set up sound anticipatory mechanisms for monitoring, assessing, and responding to financial risks, and improve contingency plans for handling the risks in the stock market, foreign exchange market, and bond market as well as the mechanism for financial institutions exiting the market. We will support banks in writing off nonperforming loans and systematically reduce credit default risks. We will regulate all financing activities; launch a campaign to address risks related to Internet finance; crack down harder on financial fraud and illegal fundraising; and work to ensure that no systemic or regional financial risks occur. To ease the imbalance between revenue and expenditures, we will better regulate the ceilings imposed on local government debt, improve budgetary management, and advance the systems for giving early warning against risks and for the assessment and oversight of debt. We will also improve the unified management of government debt and the way in which local government bonds are issued. We will increase support for the real economy, and prevent the aggravation and spread of debt chains and broken chains of funding among enterprises. We will implement policies to support enterprises in keeping employment stable, subsidize enterprises' contribution to social insurance premiums, and reduce taxes and fees, while also increasing support for reemployment. We will improve and innovate social governance and intensify efforts to identify, mediate, and defuse social conflicts so as to ensure social harmony and stability. |
| （二）用新思路新舉措深挖內需潛力。有效發揮消費基礎作用和投資關鍵作用，進一步夯實內需基礎，保持經濟運行在合理區間。 | 2. Tapping the potential of domestic demand with new ideas and measures |
| 一是推動新消費引領新供給形成新動力。順應居民消費結構升級趨勢，著力推進供給創新，加快形成消費和供給良性互動、需求升級和產業升級協調共進的格局。2016年社會消費品零售總額預期增長11%左右。第一，千方百計提高居民消費能力。著力增加中低收入者收入。落實有利于科技成果轉移轉化的分配政策。健全促進農民增收機制，探索完善土地增值收益在國家和集體之間的分配機制。第二，大力培育和拓展消費熱點。穩定住房和汽車等大宗消費。提高網速、降低網費，加快線上線下融合，支持可穿戴設備、智能家居、數字媒體等信息消費。培育新型服務消費，切實落實帶薪年休假制度，發展鄉村旅游、紅色旅游、生態旅游、研學旅行，有序拓展“老幼”兩端消費，擴大和引導文化消費。發展通用航空、郵輪游艇等時尚消費。倡導有利于節約資源、改善環境的綠色消費。充分釋放農村消費潛力。第三，擴大有效供給釋放潛在消費。鼓勵支持地方和企業加大寬帶鄉村、中小城市信息基礎設施、民用空間基礎設施等建設力度，推動旅游基礎設施和服務設施建設。支持發展城市文化娛樂綜合體，推動社會力量舉辦的大型體育場館免費或低費開放。豐富健康、家庭、養老、長期護理、文化創意等服務和產品供給。第四，改善消費環境。全面提高標準化水平，健全消費者權益保護機制。開展改善消費品供給專項行動，建立商品質量懲罰性賠償制度。完善消費品進口關稅等相關政策。實施食品安全戰略，建立健全食品安全標準和追溯體系。提高藥品質量。加強價格監管和反壟斷執法，維護市場競爭秩序。 | We will effectively promote both the fundamental role of consumer spending and the key role of investment in stimulating growth and further consolidate the foundation of domestic demand, thereby ensuring that the economy operates within an appropriate range. 1) We will promote consumer spending in new areas and guide new forms of supply to create new drivers of growth. In keeping pace with the upgrading of the private consumption mix, we will work to promote innovation in supply, thereby accelerating the formation of a pattern of positive interaction between consumption and supply and of coordination between the upgrade in demand and the upgrade in industry. Total retail sales of consumer goods are expected to increase by around 11% in 2016. First, we will use all possible measures to enhance people's ability to consume. We will work to increase the incomes of low- and middle-income groups. We will implement an income distribution policy that is conducive to the commoditization and application of scientific and technological advances. We will improve the mechanism for stimulating the growth of rural income, and explore ways to improve the mechanism for distributing revenues from the appreciation in land values between collectives and the state. Second, we will nurture and expand new areas of consumer spending. We will keep housing, vehicle, and other major consumption stable. We will boost broadband speeds, lower rates for Internet services, and speed up efforts to combine online-offline activities, while also working to expand consumption in areas such as wearable devices, smart homes, and digital media. We will develop new forms of consumption in relation to services; effectively implement the system of paid vacations; develop rural tourism, tourism to sites of significance in early CPC history, ecological tourism, as well as travel for study; expand consumption by the elderly and the young in an orderly manner; and expand and guide cultural consumption. At the same time as we develop general aviation, cruise liners, yachts, and other emerging areas of consumption, we will also advocate green consumption that helps conserve resources and improve the environment. We will unleash the potential for consumption in rural areas. Third, we will increase effective supply and unleash potential consumer demand. We will encourage and support local governments and enterprises in intensifying their efforts to extend broadband connectivity to rural villages, develop information infrastructure in small and medium-sized cities as well as civil space infrastructure, and promote the development of tourism infrastructure and public service facilities. We will support the development of cultural entertainment complexes in cities, and help open large stadiums and gymnasiums funded by nongovernmental investors to the public free of charge or at a lower price. We will provide more products and services related to health, household, elderly care, long-term care, and cultural and creative industries. Fourth, we will improve the consumption environment. We will improve the level of standardization in all industries and improve the mechanism for protecting consumers' rights and interests. We will launch campaigns to improve the supply of consumer goods, and introduce a system of punitive damages against producers whose products do not meet quality standards. We will improve policies related to tariffs on consumer goods. We will implement the food safety strategy, and establish sound systems for food safety standards and for ensuring product traceability. We will improve drug quality. We will tighten oversight of prices and step up efforts to counter monopolistic pricing to safeguard fair market competition. |
| 二是著力補短板、調結構、提高投資的有效性。牢牢抓住關鍵領域和薄弱環節，創新政府性資金使用方式，充分發揮中央預算內投資、專項建設基金“四兩撥千斤”的引導帶動作用，著力補短板，擴大有效投資。2016年全社會固定資產投資預期增長10.5%左右。第一，進一步優化用好預算內投資。中央預算內投資擬安排5000億元，重點支持保障性安居工程、糧食水利、中西部鐵路、科技創新、節能環保和生態建設、教育衛生文化等社會事業、老少邊貧地區建設等。第二，充分發揮專項建設基金帶動作用。按季度安排市場化方式籌措的專項建設基金，保持適度規模。積極推動社會資本跟進，發揮投貸結合效應。加大企業債券發行力度，鼓勵發行城市地下綜合管廊、停車場、戰略性新興產業、養老產業、配電網建設改造、雙創孵化、綠色債券等企業債券創新品種。第三，組織編制三年滾動投資計劃。切實加強政府投資項目儲備，做到儲備報批一批、開工建設一批、投產達標一批，形成接續不斷、滾動實施的儲備機制和良性循環。第四，著力激活社會投資。統籌安排中央預算內投資和專項建設基金，優先支持符合投向的政府和社會資本合作（PPP）項目建設。進一步放寬市場準入，拓寬社會資本投資渠道。加快出臺政府投資條例、基礎設施和公用事業特許經營條例、企業投資項目核準和備案管理條例。第五，加強關鍵領域薄弱環節重大工程建設。著力推進脫貧攻堅、棚戶區改造、農村電網和城鎮配電網改造、重大水利工程、鐵路、公路、城市軌道交通、重點流域水污染治理和企業技術改造等“十三五”重點專項和重大項目建設。新開工20項重大水利工程。實施交通“一二三百”、西北風光電基地和軍民融合重大戰略工程。加強投資管理，加大項目監督稽察力度。 | 2) We will strengthen points of weakness, adjust the economic structure, and improve the performance of investment. While ensuring investment in key areas and for weak links, we will innovate the way in which government-managed funds are used, and use central government budgetary investment and special development funds to attract more investment from non-governmental sources. We will also intensify efforts to shore up weak spots and increase effective investment. Total fixed-asset investment is projected to increase by around 10.5% in 2016. First, we will further improve the use of budgetary investment. Appropriation for investment in the central government budget this year is planned to be 500 billion yuan. This investment will mainly go toward government-subsidized housing; grain production and water conservancy; railway construction in the central and western regions; scientific and technological innovation; energy conservation, environmental protection, and ecological improvement; education, health, culture, and other social programs; as well as toward the development of old revolutionary base areas, ethnic minority areas, border areas, and poor areas. Second, we will give full play to the leading role of special development funds. An appropriate amount of capital will be raised in a market-based manner for special development funds on a quarterly basis. We will encourage nongovernmental capital to increase in step with government development funds, so that government investment and credit funds can produce positive results together. Corporate bonds issuance will be expanded and the issuance of new-type corporate bonds will be encouraged, such as those for developing urban utility tunnels, parking lots, strategic emerging industries, and elderly care services, for building and upgrading power distribution grids, for supporting entrepreneurship and innovation incubators, and for launching eco-friendly initiatives. Third, we will develop an investment plan on a rolling three-year basis. We will build up the number of government investment projects in reserve so that rolling groups of projects can be approved, launched, and completed one after another; such a continuous, rolling reserve mechanism will help to maintain a beneficial cycle of government investment. Fourth, we will work to stimulate nongovernmental investment. We will make overall arrangements for investment funds from the central government budget and special development funds, giving priority to developing PPP projects that are in line with government criteria. We will also further relax restrictions on market access to open up more channels for private investment. The formulation of the regulations on government investment, the regulations on franchising of infrastructure and public utilities, and the regulations concerning the management of investment projects that are subject to government review and reporting will all be accelerated. Fifth, we will strengthen major construction projects in key areas and areas of weakness. We will increase efforts to press ahead with the key projects in the 13th Five-Year Plan as well as other major projects, such as those to reduce poverty; rebuild run-down areas; upgrade rural power grids and urban power distribution grids; develop major water conservancy projects, railways, highways, and urban rail transit facilities; control water pollution in key water basins; and promote technological upgrading in enterprises. Construction will begin on 20 major water conservancy projects. We will launch major strategic projects including the 100-200-300 Transportation Program, the project to develop wind and photovoltaic power bases in northwestern China, and the project to promote military-civilian integration. We will strengthen management in relation to investments and tighten the supervision and inspection of projects. |
專欄14：交通“一二三百”工程。 | Box 14: The 100-200-300 Transportation Program |
| （三）加大重要領域和關鍵環節改革力度。抓緊推出一批具有重大牽引作用的改革舉措，更加注重制度供給，不斷釋放市場活力。 | 3. Channeling more effort into reforms in major areas and in relation to key issues To ensure that market vitality remains constant, we will promptly introduce a range of measures aimed at leading reform efforts and put more focus on the efficiency of institutional supply. |
| 一是推動簡政放權放管結合優化服務向縱深發展。繼續取消和下放一批行政審批事項，增強放權的協同性。全面公布地方政府權力和責任清單，開展國務院部門權責清單編制試點，在部分地區試行市場準入負面清單制度。推進綜合執法和大數據監管，運用市場、信用、法治等手段協同監管。加快推進社會信用體系建設，拓展全國信用信息共享平臺覆蓋范圍和服務功能，強化守信聯合激勵和失信聯合懲戒機制。全面實施統一社會信用代碼制度，推進“三證合一”、“一照一碼”，開展“證照分離”試點。加快實施公共資源交易市場化改革，整合建立統一的公共資源交易平臺。改進政府服務方式，推廣“互聯網+政務服務”，實現部門間數據共享，加快推進行政審批標準化建設。推動不動產統一登記制度在基層落地實施。 | 1) We will intensify efforts to streamline administration, delegate more powers, improving regulation, and provide better services. We will continue to delegate the power of or cancel the requirement for government review on more items and ensure that the delegation of powers is better coordinated. We will make the lists of all local governments' powers and responsibilities available to the public, carry out trials for compiling lists of powers and responsibilities of departments under the State Council, and begin trials to use a negative list for market access in certain regions. We will press ahead with coordinated law enforcement and oversight using big data, and coordinate oversight through market, credit, and legal measures. We will move faster to set up a credit rating system, expand the scope and services of the platform for sharing information on credit nationwide, and strengthen the mechanism to give joint incentives to those who act in good faith and to take joint punitive actions against those who act in bad faith. We will implement a national unified system of credit rating codes; press ahead with the reform to replace the separate business license, organization code certificate, and taxation registration certificate with a unified business license with a unified social credit code; and conduct trials to separate operating permits and business licenses. We will speed up the reform of making the trade of public resources more market-based, and establish a unified trading platform by integrating existing ones. We will improve the way in which the government provides public services, expand Internet Plus government services, promote better information sharing between government departments, and move faster to standardize government review and approval. We will ensure a unified registration system for immovable property is implemented at community level. |
| 二是推進投融資體制改革。創新投資管理方式和投融資機制，進一步精簡投資審批，減少、整合和規范報建審批事項，完善投資項目在線審批監管平臺，建立新型企業投資項目并聯核準制度。健全政銀企社合作對接機制，推廣特許經營等政府和社會資本合作（PPP）模式，推進社會資本參與重大工程建設運營。 | 2) We will deepen reform of the investment and financing systems. We will make innovations in investment management and create new mechanisms for investment and financing; further streamline investment approval procedures; reduce, combine, and regulate the items required for a construction project when applying for government approval; improve the online platform for reviewing, approving, and monitoring investment projects; and put in place a new system for carrying out the combined review and approval of investment projects for enterprises. We will improve the mechanism for facilitating cooperation between the government, banks, enterprises, and nongovernmental investors, and promote application of PPP models such as franchise operations to encourage nongovernmental capital's participation in the development and operation of major government projects. |
| 三是深化價格機制改革。推動放開電力、石油天然氣、交通運輸等領域競爭性環節價格。擴大輸配電價改革試點范圍，完善環保電價政策。完善成品油價格形成機制。推進醫療服務價格改革。穩步推進農業水價綜合改革。建立健全市場價格行為規則，加強市場價格行為監管，規范價格收費秩序。 | 3) We will deepen reform of prices. We will work to lift pricing controls over competitive areas in the power, petroleum, natural gas, and transportation industries. We will extend to more areas the trial price reform for electricity transmission and distribution, and improve the policy for adjusting prices for electricity generated by environmentally friendly facilities. We will improve the pricing mechanism for refined oil products. We will steadily advance reform of medical service prices. Comprehensive reform of the pricing for water used in agriculture will be carried out. We will establish sound rules for market prices, strengthen price oversight, and safeguard order in relation to prices and fees. |
| 四是打好國有企業改革攻堅戰。加快改組組建國有資本投資、運營公司。推進國有企業混合所有制改革，在鐵路、民航、電信、軍工等重點領域，選擇一批國有企業開展混合所有制改革試點示范。推進電力、石油天然氣、鹽業體制改革。出臺進一步完善產權保護制度的意見。 | 4) We will meet head-on the most difficult problems related to SOE reform. We will step up efforts to reorganize or establish state capital investment companies and operating companies. We will reform SOEs by introducing a mixed ownership structure, and begin trials and demonstrations in key industries such as railway, civil aviation, telecommunications, and defense. We will carry out structural reform of the power, petroleum, natural gas, and salt industries. We will promulgate guidelines on further improving the property rights system. |
| 五是加快財稅體制改革。出臺實施中央與地方事權和支出責任劃分的指導意見。提高中央國有資本經營預算調入一般公共預算的比例。將建筑業、房地產業、金融業和生活服務業納入營改增范圍，實行不動產進項稅抵扣，確保所有行業稅負只減不增。全面實施資源稅從價計征改革，推進消費稅和環境保護稅改革，逐步推進綜合與分類相結合的個人所得稅改革。 | 5) We will accelerate reform of the fiscal and tax systems. We will introduce guidelines on appropriately dividing powers and spending responsibilities between the central and local governments. We will increase the percentage of funds transferred from the central government budget for state capital operations to the general public budget. We will expand the reform to replace business tax with VAT to the construction, real estate, financial, and consumer service industries, and make the input VAT on enterprises' new immovable property deductible, so as to ensure that the tax burden on all industries can be reduced rather than increased. We will implement reform to levy the price-based resource tax on all resource products, advance reform of the excise tax and the environmental protection tax, and steadily carry out reform of personal income tax that is based on adjusted gross income as well as specific types of income. |
| 六是推進金融體制改革。豐富金融機構體系，深化國有商業銀行和開發性、政策性金融機構改革，繼續推進民營銀行常態化發展。發展普惠金融，著力加強對中小微企業、農村特別是貧困地區金融服務。促進和規范新型金融業態健康發展。穩步推進人民幣資本項目可兌換。推動多層次資本市場健康發展。完善金融監管制度。建立巨災保險制度。 | 6) We will advance financial reform. We will diversify the system of financial institutions; deepen reform of state-owned commercial banks, developmental financial institutions, and policy-backed financial institutions; and continue to conventionalize the establishment of private banks. We will develop inclusive finance to increase financial services for micro, small, and medium-sized businesses as well as for rural areas, paying particular attention to poor areas. We will promote the sound, well-regulated development of new forms of business in the financial sector. We will take steady steps to realize RMB capital account convertibility. We will promote the sound development of a multi-level capital market and improve the system for financial oversight and regulation. A catastrophe insurance system will be established. |
| 同時，繼續深化民生領域和社會事業相關改革，推進教育、養老、文化、醫藥衛生體制改革，推動空域管理體制改革。 | In addition, we will continue to deepen reform in areas related to people's wellbeing and social programs, including reform of the education, elderly care, cultural, medical, and health care systems and reform of the airspace management system. |
| （四）實施創新驅動發展戰略。貫徹創新發展理念，全面落實創新驅動發展戰略綱要，深入開展大眾創業、萬眾創新，深化科技體制改革，擴資源、拓空間、優環境，激發全社會特別是企業的創新創業創造活力和潛力。 | 4. Implementing the innovation-driven development strategy In pursuing innovative development, we will fully implement the strategy for innovation-driven development, deepen efforts to promote entrepreneurship and innovation across society, and deepen reform of the science and technology management system. We will expand the resources, increase the space, and improve the environment for stimulating the enthusiasm and potential for innovation and entrepreneurship across all sectors of society, particularly enterprises. |
| 一是增加創新資源供給。推進國家重大科技基礎設施和國家實驗室、產業創新中心建設，依托重大科技基礎設施集聚區域建設綜合性國家科學中心，實施一批新的重大科技項目和工程。系統推進全面創新改革試驗，組織實施創新企業百強工程。 | 1) We will increase the supply of resources for innovation. We will promote the development of major national science and technology infrastructure and national laboratories and industrial innovation centers. Comprehensive national science centers will be established in areas with a concentration of major science and technology infrastructure, and a new group of major science and technology programs and projects will be launched. We will systematically conduct pilot reforms for all-round innovation, and organize the implementation of the project to develop 100 top innovative enterprises. |
| 二是加快實施雙創行動計劃。推動建設若干雙創示范基地，進一步打造眾創眾包眾扶眾籌支撐平臺，大力發展創客空間和專業化眾創空間。發展分享經濟。鼓勵地方和大企業設立創投基金、創業創新平臺、科技創新中心等。重點扶持一批創業孵化、創業輔導、公共服務等平臺。推進“互聯網+”行動，實施大數據開放創新工程。建設高速、移動、安全、泛在的新一代信息基礎設施，深入實施信息惠民工程，完善電信普遍服務機制。建設網上絲綢之路。繼續辦好雙創活動周，再打造一批雙創活動品牌。 | 2) We will accelerate the implementation of the action plan for entrepreneurship and innovation. We will help to establish more entrepreneurship and innovation demonstration centers; create more platforms to support crowd innovation, crowdsourcing, crowd support, and crowdfunding; and develop maker spaces, particularly spaces for specialized crowd innovation. We will develop the sharing economy. Local authorities and large corporations will be encouraged to establish venture capital, entrepreneurship and innovation platforms, and science and technology innovation centers. We will focus on supporting the development of platforms for business incubation, start-up assistance, and public services for start-ups and innovation. We will move forward with the Internet Plus action plan and the innovation project to promote open, big data. We will put in place high-speed, mobile, secure, and ubiquitous next-generation information infrastructure, intensify efforts to implement information technology development projects that benefit the general public, and improve the mechanisms for providing universal service in telecommunications. The Online Silk Road Agenda will be initiated. We will continue to make the National Week for Entrepreneurship and Innovation a success and support the development of more events that are geared toward promoting entrepreneurship and innovation. |
| 三是大力發展戰略性新興產業。抓緊布局支撐戰略性新興產業發展的基礎設施、公共資源庫和全球創新網絡，在高性能集成電路、新型顯示、空間技術應用、通用航空、生物醫藥等戰略性領域再布局一批重大項目和工程。設立國家戰略性產業發展基金，開展融資風險補償試點，推進戰略性新興產業區域集聚發展。 | 3) We will develop strategic emerging industries. We will promptly make overall arrangements for developing infrastructure, public resource repositories, and global innovation networks to underpin the development of strategic emerging industries. We will carry out additional major programs and projects in strategically important fields such as high-performance integrated circuits, new-type displays, space technology applications, general aviation, and biomedicine. A national development fund for strategic industries will be established, trials will be carried out to provide protection against financing risks, and we will promote the development of strategic emerging industry clusters. |
| 四是增強制造業核心競爭力。深入實施“中國制造2025”。圍繞重點領域關鍵環節努力突破核心技術并實現產業化。加快發展制造業智能化技術裝備。推動軌道交通、新能源汽車、醫藥、石化、煤化工、食品等產業健康發展。開展質量品牌提升行動，加強質量基礎建設。 | 4) We will improve the core competitiveness of the manufacturing sector. We will deepen efforts to implement the Made in China 2025 strategy. With a focus on major areas and key issues, we will strive to make breakthroughs in core technologies and ensure the industrial application of these technologies. We will accelerate development of smart manufacturing technology and equipment, and promote the sound development of rail transit, new energy vehicles, pharmaceuticals, petrochemical, coal chemicals, and food industries. We will carry out activities to improve quality and branding within the manufacturing sector, and strengthen the national quality infrastructure of China. |
| 五是加快推動服務業優質高效發展。落實加快發展生產性服務業、生活性服務業的兩個指導意見，進一步放寬服務業市場準入，營造公平競爭的環境，推動生產性服務業向專業化轉變、向價值鏈高端延伸，推動生活性服務業加快向精細化和高品質提升。實施高技術服務業創新工程。啟動新一輪國家服務業綜合改革試點，及時推廣可復制的經驗和做法。 | 5) We will accelerate the high-quality, efficient development of the service sector. In accordance with the two guidelines in relation to accelerating the development of producer services and consumer services, we will further relax controls for market access in the service sector, level the playing field, and ensure that producer service industries become more specialized and move toward the higher end of the value chain while consumer service industries produce more refined and higher-quality products. Innovation will be promoted in high-tech service industries. Another group of national trials for comprehensive reform in the service sector will be carried out, from which transferable experiences and applicable practices will be promptly spread to other areas. |
| 六是完善鼓勵創新發展的政策和環境。落實研發費用加計扣除，完善高新技術企業、科技企業孵化器等稅收優惠政策，建立新材料、關鍵零部件首批次應用保險費補償機制。推進高校、科研院所改革，制定科研人員兼職或離崗創業、職務發明等相關規定，形成鼓勵創業創新的收入分配機制。 | 6) We will improve the policies and environment for encouraging innovative development. We will grant extra tax deductions for research and development costs, improve preferential tax policies for new- and high-tech companies and science and technology business incubators, and implement a mechanism to subsidize the initial costs of insuring new materials and key parts and components. Reform of colleges and research institutes will continue to move ahead, regulations will be formulated to make it possible for researchers to take on part-time work, create their own start-ups or pursue on-the-job inventions, and an income distribution mechanism to encourage entrepreneurship and innovation will be formed. |
| （五）進一步夯實農業基礎。確保農業農村投入力度不減弱、總量有增加，支持重大建設任務不打折扣。2016年糧食總產量穩定在5.5億噸以上。 | 5. Improving the foundation of agriculture Our support for major development tasks will not be perfunctory; we will ensure that the investment momentum in agriculture and rural areas does not diminish, and that total investment continues to increase. In 2016, total grain output will stand at over 550 million metric tons. |
| 一是確保國家糧食安全。全面落實糧食安全省長責任制，完善中央和地方共同負責的糧食安全保障機制。探索劃定糧食生產功能區和重要農產品生產保護區，保口糧、保耕地、保產能，保主產區特別是核心產區的糧食生產。全面完成永久基本農田劃定并實行特殊保護，加強高標準農田、重要農產品生產基地、國家級育制種基地和區域性良種繁育基地、糧食倉儲物流等建設。實施耕地質量保護提升行動。推進農作物良種補貼、糧食直補、農資綜合補貼“三補合一”，健全以產糧大縣、生豬調出大縣等為核心的主產區利益補償機制。改革完善糧食等重要農產品價格形成機制和收儲制度。發展糧食產業經濟。擴大農業政策性保險覆蓋面，提高農業風險保障水平。 | 1) We will guarantee food security in China. We will hold provincial governors responsible for food security across the board and improve the mechanism under which the central and local authorities work together to ensure food security. In order to ensure that grain production, cultivated land acreage, and production capacity all remain stable, we will make explorations into establishing functional zones for grain production and protective areas for the production of major agricultural products. We will guarantee grain production in major grain-producing areas, especially in the core areas for grain production. We will complete our work on designating and providing protection for permanent basic cropland nationwide, and will strengthen the development of high-quality farmland, major agricultural product-producing centers, national seed cultivation and production centers and regional centers for cultivating superior crop varieties, and grain storage and logistics. Actions will be taken to protect and improve the quality of cultivated land. The subsidy for purchasing superior crop varieties, the direct subsidy for grain growers, and general subsidies for purchasing agricultural supplies will all be integrated into a single agricultural subsidy. Improvements will be made to the mechanism for subsidizing major grain- and hog-producing counties as well as other major agricultural production areas. We will improve the price-setting mechanism for grain and other important agricultural products as well as the system for their purchase and storage. We will develop the grain industry, and expand the coverage of policy-based agricultural insurance to ensure better protection against agricultural risks. |
| 二是推進農村一二三產業融合發展。推動糧經飼統籌、農林牧漁結合、種養加一體，培育發展農村新型業態，拓展農業多種功能。實施“百縣千鄉萬村”試點示范工程，完善農業產業鏈利益聯結機制，讓農民更多分享農村產業融合增值收益。實施農產品品牌提升行動，推進農業全產業鏈標準化、品牌化建設，嚴格生產管理、產品認證和證后監管。加強農產品、農資現代流通體系建設，健全農產品冷鏈物流網絡，推動農產品線上營銷與線下流通融合發展。深化農村集體產權、農墾、集體林權、國有林場、農田水利、供銷社等改革。 | 2) We will promote the integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will coordinate the production of food, cash, and feed crops and the development of the farming, forestry, livestock, and fishing industries, and promote integrated planting, breeding, and processing operations; at the same time, we will nurture new types of agribusiness and fully engage the multiple functions of agriculture. Pilot demonstration projects for rural industrial integration will be carried out in about 100 counties, 1,000 townships and 100,000 villages. We will improve the mechanism for integrating farmers' interests into agricultural industry chains so that farmers can receive more benefits as rural industrial integration produces more value. The branding of agricultural products will be improved by making the agricultural industry chain more procedure-based and brand-development focused and by tightening production management, product certification, and post-certification supervision. We will improve the modern distribution system for agricultural products and supplies as well as cold-chain logistics networks for agricultural products. We will ensure the online marketing and offline distribution of agricultural products are integrated. We will deepen reform of the rural collective property rights system as well as reform of state farms on reclaimed land, collective forest tenure, state forestry farms, farmland irrigation and water conservancy, and rural supply and marketing cooperatives. |
| 三是推動農業可持續發展。以玉米為重點加快調整種養結構。編制實施耕地草原河湖休養生息規劃。擴大農業面源污染綜合治理、東北黑土地保護利用試點范圍，啟動地表水過度開發治理試點，加快耕地重金屬污染、地下水超采治理。創建農業可持續發展試驗示范區。 | 3) We will promote the sustainable development of agriculture. We will see to it that farmers move more quickly to adjust what and how much they grow or breed, particularly in relation to corn. We will formulate and implement a plan to let cropland and grassland lie fallow and to impose a moratorium on fishing in certain rivers and lakes. We will extend to more areas the trials for comprehensively dealing with pollution from non-point agricultural sources and for utilizing and conserving chernozem soil in the northeast. We will also launch trials to address the overdevelopment of surface water and step up efforts to deal with the heavy-metal pollution of cultivated land and the over-extraction of groundwater. We will establish pilot demonstration zones for sustainable agricultural development. |
| 四是提高新農村建設水平。創新農村基礎設施投融資體制機制。繼續完善農村供電、供水、交通、通信設施和水利氣象綜合防災減災體系，啟動實施農村飲水安全鞏固提升工程，開展農村人居環境整治和農業廢棄物資源化利用、無害化處置。把社會事業發展的重點放在農村和接納農業轉移人口較多的城鎮，推動新型城鎮化與新農村建設協調發展。 | 4) We will make further progress in building a new socialist countryside. We will make innovations in the investment and financing systems and mechanisms for rural infrastructure. We will continue to improve the power supply, water supply, transportation, and communications facilities in rural areas and the comprehensive water conservancy and meteorological systems for preventing and mitigating disasters. We will launch a project to consolidate and build on the achievements made in ensuring safe drinking water in rural areas, and we will improve the living environment for rural residents and promote the recycling and safe disposal of agricultural waste. We will prioritize the development of social programs in rural areas and in cities and towns where a relatively large number of people from rural areas take up employment and become urban residents. We will promote the coordinated development of the New Urbanization and the building of a new countryside. |
| （六）促進城鄉區域協調協同發展。貫徹協調發展理念，堅持區域協同、城鄉一體，推動“三大戰略”和“四大板塊”形成疊加效應，構建核心帶動和板塊聯動的區域開發新格局。 | 6. Promoting coordinated and integrated development between regions and between urban and rural areas In pursuing coordinated development, we will promote coordination between regions and integration between urban and rural areas. We will foster synergy between the Three Initiatives (the Belt and Road Initiative, the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, and the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt) and the coordinated development of the western, northeastern, central, and eastern regions to form a new pattern of regional development that gives play to the leading role of core areas and makes it possible for different regions to work together. |
| 一是重點實施好“三大戰略”。統籌推進“一帶一路”建設。全面落實京津冀協同發展規劃綱要，研究實施控增量、疏存量相關政策措施，啟動一批北京非首都功能疏解重大項目，持續推進交通一體化、生態環境保護、產業升級轉移3個重點領域率先突破，強化創新驅動試點示范，加快構建協同發展的體制機制。堅持生態優先、綠色發展，著力建設長江經濟帶“一道兩廊三群”，把修復長江生態環境放在首要位置，大力構建綠色生態廊道，高起點高水平建設綜合立體交通走廊，著力建設現代產業走廊，發揮長三角、長江中游、成渝三大城市群帶動作用。 | 1) We will focus on implementing the Three Initiatives. We will coordinate work to advance the Belt and Road Initiative. We will fully implement the plan for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, research and implement policies and measures related to controlling the number of new projects launched and effectively carrying out existing ones, launch projects to relieve Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as China' s capital, continue to support the three major areas-integrated transportation, ecological conservation and environmental protection, and industrial upgrading and relocation-in making initial breakthroughs, strengthen the trials and demonstration projects for innovation-driven development, and accelerate the establishment of the systems and mechanisms for coordinated development. In order to focus on ecological conservation and pursue green development in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, we will give top priority to restoring the ecological environment in the Yangtze River valley, while pressing ahead with the effort to develop a green, ecological corridor, a high-level integrated multidimensional transportation corridor, and a modern industrial corridor; and we will also encourage city clusters in the Yangtze River Delta, along the middle reaches of the Yangtze, and in the Chengdu-Chongqing region to lead the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. |
| 二是深入推進“四大板塊”協調發展。支持寧夏、貴州等西部地區發展各具特色的內陸開放型經濟，推進創新平臺和創新體系建設。加大對中西部地區基礎設施等薄弱環節的投資力度，加強生態保護和修復，培育壯大特色優勢產業。實施新一輪東北地區等老工業基地振興戰略，培育形成以哈大經濟帶為主軸的東北地區城市群。出臺促進中部地區崛起新十年規劃，推動長江中游城市群、中原經濟區、皖江城市帶等重點經濟區發展，推進淮河、漢江生態經濟帶建設，支持山西建設清潔能源基地。繼續支持東部地區在改革創新、轉型升級、提質增效上率先發展，發揮示范作用。深入推進海南國際旅游島建設。大力發展海洋經濟，推進海洋經濟發展示范區建設。推進國家級新區、承接產業轉移示范區等重要功能平臺建設，鼓勵各地先行先試，在體制機制改革、區域協同發展中當好排頭兵。有序推廣國家綜合配套改革試驗區成熟的改革經驗。推進重點地區一體化發展，支持有條件的地區開展同城化探索。 | 2) We will press ahead with the coordinated development of the western, northeastern, central, and eastern regions. We will support Ningxia, Guizhou, and other parts of the western region in developing open inland economies, each with its own distinctive features, and help to establish innovation platforms and systems. We will increase investment in infrastructure and other needed areas in the central and western regions, step up efforts to protect and restore the ecological environment, and cultivate and expand competitive industries that take advantage of local strengths. We will implement a new round of strategies for revitalizing the northeast and other old industrial bases, and promote the development of city clusters along the Harbin-Dalian Economic Belt. We will introduce a new ten-year plan to promote the rise of the central region; drive forward the development of major economic zones such as the city clusters along the middle reaches of the Yangtze, the Central Plains Economic Zone, and the city cluster along the Yangtze in Anhui Province; press ahead with the development of the eco-economic belts along the Huai and Han rivers; and support the development of clean energy production centers in Shanxi. We will continue to support the exemplary role of the eastern region in leading the rest of the country in pursuing reform and innovation, transforming and upgrading industries, and improving the quality and performance of the economy. We will increase efforts to turn Hainan into an international tourist island. We will work to develop the marine economy and build demonstration zones for this purpose. We will move forward with the development of state-level new areas, demonstration zones for industrial relocation, and other major function platforms, and encourage all localities to lead the way and explore new paths in the reform of systems and mechanisms and in the pursuit of coordinated development between regions. Successful practices that have been developed in national experimental zones for integrated, complete reform will be applied to other regions in an orderly manner. We will promote the integrated development of key areas and support city clusters with suitable conditions in exploring the further integration of urban development. |
專欄15：新一輪東北地區等老工業基地振興戰略。 | Box 15: New Strategies for Revitalizing the Northeast and Other Old Industrial Bases |
| 三是以人為核心積極推進新型城鎮化。制定實施1億非城鎮戶籍人口在城鎮落戶方案。實施深入推進新型城鎮化建設意見，加快戶籍制度改革和居住證制度雙落地，建立健全農業轉移人口與建設用地、建設資金、轉移支付“三掛鉤”機制，鼓勵引導農業轉移人口在城鎮落戶。加大城鎮存量建設用地盤活使用力度，積極推進農村土地征收、集體經營性建設用地入市、宅基地三項改革試點。制定全國城鎮體系規劃。持續推動新生中小城市、特色小城鎮培育和新型城市建設，促進符合條件的開發區、陸路邊境口岸地區完善城市綜合功能。大力發展智慧城市、綠色城市和海綿城市。建設城市地下綜合管廊，確保開工建設2000公里。加快京津冀、長三角、珠三角、成渝等城市群城際鐵路建設。 | 3) We will advance people-centered New Urbanization. We will implement the plan to grant urban household registration to 100 million people. We will deepen the implementation of the guidelines on promoting the New Urbanization; accelerate reform of the household registration system and implementation of the residence certificate system; establish a sound mechanism for adjusting the land designated for construction, development funds, and transfer payments in line with the number of migrant workers that have been granted urban household registration in an area; and encourage and guide rural migrant workers in obtaining urban household registration. We will put urban land held in reserve for construction to better use and carry out trial reforms relating to rural land requisition, the marketization of rural collective land designated for business-related construction, and the rural land used for private housing. A plan for the national urban system will be drawn up. We will continue to promote the cultivation of emerging small and medium-sized cities, small towns with unique features, and new models of urban development, and, where conditions permit, we will help development zones and land border areas to improve the overall functions of cities. Great efforts will be directed toward developing smart cities, green cities, and sponge cities. We will develop urban utility tunnels and ensure construction starts on 2,000 kilometers of such tunnels. We will move faster to develop intercity railways in city clusters in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, the Pearl River Delta, and the Chengdu-Chongqing region. |
專欄16：新型城鎮化。 | Box 16: The New Urbanization |
| （七）促進綠色循環低碳發展。貫徹綠色發展理念，推動能源生產和消費革命，提高發展的綠色化水平。 | 7. Promoting green, circular, and low-carbon development In pursuing green development, we will drive forward the revolution in energy generation and consumption to make development more eco-friendly. |
| 一是加快主體功能區建設。開展主體功能區規劃修編，建立重點生態功能區產業準入負面清單制度，發布全國主體功能區規劃拼圖和農產品主產區、重點生態功能區目錄，編制實施省級海洋主體功能區規劃。開展省級空間規劃試點。研究建立資源環境承載能力監測預警長效機制。 | 1) We will move faster to build functional zones. We will revise the plan for functional zoning, implement a negative list of industries for key ecosystem service zones, release a national functional zoning map and catalogs of major agricultural production zones and key ecosystem service zones, and draw up and implement provincial-level plans for marine functional zoning. We will carry out trials for spatial planning at provincial level and conduct research on establishing a long-term monitoring and early-warning system for resource and environmental carrying capacity. |
| 二是提高能源資源利用效率。出臺2030年能源生產和消費革命戰略，推動能源轉型發展，實行能源消費總量和強度“雙控”行動。提升可再生能源消納能力，在解決好棄水、棄風、棄光問題的基礎上，繼續大力發展可再生能源。積極發展分布式能源，推進智能電網發展，推行節能低碳電力調度。加快發展節能環保綠色產業，實施綠色制造工程，支持綠色清潔生產、資源綜合利用，實施節能環保重大工程。推進園區循環化改造、循環型產業體系構建、循環經濟試點示范。實施建筑能效提升和綠色建筑全產業鏈發展計劃。全面推進節水型社會建設。強化土地節約集約利用。 | 2) We will use energy and resources more efficiently. We will release the 2030 strategy for revolutionizing energy generation and consumption, push forward the transformation and development of the energy sector, and exercise control over both the total amount and intensity of energy consumption. In order to continue the dynamic development of renewable energy, we will work to address the issue of idle capacity in water, wind, and solar power by increasing the capacity of power grids to absorb electricity generated from renewable energy sources. We will actively develop distributed energy and smart grids, and apply an energy-saving, low-carbon approach to the management of power distribution. In order to expedite the growth of industries in relation to energy conservation, environmental protection, and ecological improvement, we will carry out green manufacturing programs, support green and clean production along with a comprehensive eco-friendly approach to the use of resources, and carry out major energy conservation and environmental protection projects. We will promote circular operations within industrial parks, a circular approach to constructing industrial systems, and pilot and demonstration projects for a circular economy. A plan for increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and promote the construction of green buildings will be implemented throughout the construction industry chain. We will take comprehensive measures to build a water-conserving society, and promote efficient and intensive use of land. |
| 三是改善生態環境質量。深入實施大氣、水污染防治行動計劃，出臺實施土壤污染防治行動計劃，持續下大力氣治理大氣霧霾和水污染。嚴控新增煤炭產能和煤電新增規模，做好散煤清潔化利用和治理，實施電能替代，全面加快煤電升級改造和油品質量升級。推進環境污染第三方治理。全面實施新一輪退耕還林還草，加強國土綠化工程建設。穩步建立國家公園體制。繼續推進京津風沙源、石漠化地區、退牧還草等重點區域生態及重點流域水環境綜合治理。啟動生物多樣性保護重大工程。加強湖泊濕地生態保護，劃定森林、草原、濕地、海洋等生態系統紅線。健全生態保護補償機制。推動戰略和規劃環評落地，嚴格環境準入。開展城市生態修復，恢復和提升城市生態功能。開展省以下環保機構監測監察執法垂直管理試點。 | 3) We will improve the quality of the environment and ecosystems. We will fully implement the action plans for preventing and controlling air and water pollution, release and implement an action plan for addressing soil pollution, and remain persistent in the fight against smog and water pollution. We will strictly control the expansion of coal production capacity and the capacity of coal-fired power plants, ensure cleaner use of coal in non-industrial sectors, expand the use of electricity to replace less environmentally friendly forms of energy and promote the use of electricity generated from renewable energy sources, and move faster to upgrade coal-fired power plants and the quality of fuel across the board. Third party governance will be introduced in the treatment of environmental pollution. We will launch a new round of efforts to return marginal cultivated land to forest or grassland, and intensify efforts to carry out the national afforestation project. We will move steadily forward with the establishment of a system of national parks. We will continue to advance the comprehensive governance of the water environment in key water basins and the environment in key areas, such as those at the source of dust storms affecting Beijing and Tianjin, areas afflicted by the spread of stony deserts, and areas where grazing land has been returned to grassland. A major biodiversity protection project will be launched. We will step up the ecological conservation of lakes and wetlands and establish ecological red lines for forests, grasslands, wetlands and the ocean. We will improve the mechanisms for compensating ecological conservation efforts. We will ensure the implementation of environmental impact assessment for strategies and plans and enforce stricter environmental standards for project approval. We will carry out ecological rehabilitation in cities to restore and improve their ecological functions. Pilot programs will be launched to place county- and prefecture-level environmental monitoring, inspection, and law enforcement bodies directly under the jurisdiction of provincial-level environmental bodies. |
| 四是提升低碳發展水平。繼續推進低碳試點示范。加快建設全國碳排放權交易市場，制定交易、監管等配套細則。建設性參與國際談判，做好巴黎協定后續機制設計和推動落實，主動引導全球氣候治理規則制定，繼續加強氣候變化“南南合作”。 | 4) We will promote low-carbon development. We will continue to push forward pilot and demonstration programs for low-carbon development, move faster to create a national market for carbon emission rights trading, and formulate a complete set of rules and regulations concerning such trading and its oversight. We will constructively participate in international negotiations, work to ensure the proper design and implementation of follow-up mechanisms for the agreement reached at the 2015 United Nations Climate Change Conference in Paris, play an active role in guiding the rule-making process for global climate governance, and continue to strengthen South-South cooperation on climate change. |
專欄17：綠色低碳發展。 | Box 17: Green and Low-Carbon Development |
| （八）發展更高層次開放型經濟。貫徹開放發展理念，優化對外開放區域布局，擴大對外投資合作，推進外貿優進優出，積極利用外資，培育國際競爭新優勢，有效參與全球經濟治理。 | 8. Improving the performance of the open economy In pursuing open development, we will improve the plan for regional opening up, increase outbound investment and international cooperation, work to optimize imports and exports, actively utilize foreign capital, cultivate new strengths to give us a competitive edge internationally, and play an effective role in global economic governance. |
| 一是抓好“一帶一路”建設戰略落實。加強與沿線國家發展戰略對接，穩步實施互聯互通、能源資源合作等標志性工程，建立完善“一帶一路”建設重大項目儲備庫，打造一批雙多邊合作樣板。積極推進中蒙俄、中國－中南半島等國際經濟合作走廊建設。統籌推動中歐班列建設和沿線大通關合作，加快建設國際物流大通道。穩步構筑海上戰略支點，暢通海上貿易通道。推進“一帶一路”官方網站等信息平臺建設。積極推動文化、中醫藥等走出去。深入推進沿邊地區開發開放，提高邊境經濟合作區、跨境經濟合作區發展水平，加強與周邊國家的國際區域合作。 | 1) We will ensure the successful implementation of the Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st Century Maritime Silk Road Initiative. We will increase the cohesion between the development strategy of China and those of other countries along the routes, steadily carry out signature projects aimed at strengthening connectivity and increasing energy and resource cooperation, build up a reserve of major projects for the Belt and Road Initiative, and set up a number of patterns for bilateral and multilateral cooperation. We will actively advance the development of international economic cooperation corridors, such as the China-Mongolia-Russia corridor and the China-Indochina Peninsula corridor. We will coordinate the development of China-Europe freight train routes, simplify customs clearance procedures along the lines, and expedite the building of international logistics gateways. We will steadily construct strategic maritime hubs and ensure that maritime trade routes are unobstructed. Information platforms will be developed, such as the official website of the Belt and Road Initiative. We will actively encourage Chinese culture and traditional Chinese medicine to extend their reach overseas, further develop and open up border areas, upgrade both border and cross-border economic cooperation zones, and enhance international and regional cooperation with neighboring countries. |
| 二是擴大國際產能和裝備制造合作。圍繞重點產業、重點國別，建立產能合作項目庫。建立健全省區、牽頭企業與重點國別對接機制，完善重大風險管理機制。加快推進雙邊產能合作機制建設，充分利用多邊平臺務實推進產能合作，積極與發達國家開展第三方市場產能合作，推動中國技術、中國裝備、中國標準、中國服務走出去。完善財政金融支持政策，設立人民幣海外合作基金、多雙邊產能合作基金，推動銀企合作。2016年非金融類境外直接投資預期約1300億美元，增長10%左右。 | 2) We will expand international cooperation on industrial capacity and equipment manufacturing. We will create a project reserve for industrial-capacity cooperation based on key industries and countries. We will set up a sound mechanism for connecting our provinces, regions and leading enterprises with key countries, and improve the system for managing major risks. We will move faster to make arrangements for bilateral industrial-capacity cooperation and make full use of multilateral platforms to promote effective cooperation; we will actively engage in cooperation with developed countries on the third market, so as to support Chinese technologies, equipment, standards, and services in "going global" . We will improve related fiscal and financial policies, set up outbound RMB cooperative funds and bilateral and multilateral industrial-capacity cooperation funds, and encourage cooperation between financial institutions and enterprises in this area. In 2016, China' s non-financial outward direct investment is projected to be approximately US$130 billion, an increase of around 10%. |
| 三是促進外貿穩增長、調結構。執行好出口退稅政策。落實清理和規范進出口環節收費的各項政策措施，嚴格收費目錄清單制度，加快國際貿易“單一窗口”和通關一體化建設，提高貿易便利化水平。促進加工貿易向中西部地區轉移、向產業鏈中高端延伸。推動外貿新型商業模式發展，推進跨境電子商務綜合試驗區建設，擴大試點范圍，支持建立一批“海外倉”和展示中心。推動貨物貿易和服務貿易融合發展，大力促進金融、保險、物流、維修等服務貿易出口。實行更加積極的進口政策，支持先進技術設備、關鍵零部件進口，增加重要能源資源儲備，適當增加消費品進口。深化多雙邊經貿合作，著力構建面向全球的高標準自貿區網絡，積極商簽區域全面經濟伙伴關系協定，加快中日韓自貿區等談判，推進中美、中歐投資協定談判。 | 3) We will promote the steady growth and structural adjustment of foreign trade. We will effectively apply the policy of export tax rebates. We will put into action the policies and measures for reviewing and regulating fees related to imports and exports, strictly enforce the system of lists and catalogs of fees related to foreign trade, and accelerate the building of the Single Window System and the integration of customs clearance procedures to enhance trade facilitation. We will encourage processing trade to move to the central and western regions and to extend toward the medium-high end of the industry chain. We will encourage the development of new business models for foreign trade, push forward the development of integrated pilot zones for cross-border E-commerce while also expanding the scope of the pilot scheme, and support the building of overseas storehouses and exhibition centers. We will promote the integrated development of trade in goods and in services and vigorously support the export of services in finance, insurance, logistics, and maintenance. We will adopt a more active import policy to support the import of advanced technology and equipment and important parts and components; increase the reserve of important energy and resources; and appropriately increase the import of consumer goods. We will deepen bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation, build an international network of high-standard free trade areas, step up negotiations on the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, accelerate negotiations on free trade such as those on the China-Japan-RoK Free Trade Area, and facilitate negotiations on investment agreements with the United States and the European Union. |
| 四是提升利用外資水平。進一步改善營商環境。推進外商投資負面清單管理模式改革，擴大金融、教育、養老、文化、電信、互聯網、商貿物流等服務領域開放，進一步開放制造業，鼓勵外資投向傳統產業高端環節、戰略性新興產業和現代服務業。修訂中西部外商投資優勢產業目錄，支持中西部地區承接外資產業轉移。及時總結推廣自貿試驗區經驗，進一步擴大試點范圍。促進開發區創新發展，修訂開發區審核公告目錄。深化外商投資管理制度改革和外債管理改革，完善外商投資國家安全審查制度。2016年非金融類外商直接投資預期約1280億美元。 | 4) We will use foreign capital more effectively. We will continue to improve the business environment. We will advance reform to introduce a negative list in managing foreign investment. The service sector will be further opened up in areas such as finance, education, elderly care, culture, telecommunications, the Internet, trade, and logistics; the manufacturing sector will also be opened wider and direct foreign investments will be encouraged toward the high end of traditional industries, strategic emerging industries, and modern services. The catalog of industries with local strengths in central and western regions for foreign investment will be updated to support the relocation of foreign-invested industries to these regions. We will complete a timely review of and promote the experiences from pilot free trade zones and continue to expand the pilot scheme to other regions. We will promote the innovation-driven growth of development zones and update the catalog of development zones that have been approved and published by the state. Reforms of the foreign investment management system and foreign debt management will be deepened, and the system for carrying out security reviews of foreign investments will be improved. Non-financial foreign direct investment is expected to be approximately US$128 billion in 2016. |
| （九）著力保障和改善民生。貫徹共享發展理念，把增進民生福祉放在突出位置，大力實施精準扶貧、精準脫貧，深化公共服務重點領域改革創新，全力保障基本公共服務供給。 | 9. Working to safeguard and improve living standards In pursuing shared development, we will give greater prominence to improving people' s standard of living, take strong and targeted measures to reduce poverty, deepen reform and innovation in key areas concerning public services, and make every effort to ensure the supply of basic public services. |
| 一是全面推進精準脫貧攻堅。支持集中連片特困地區區域發展與脫貧攻堅，啟動重點貧困革命老區振興發展行動計劃，加快革命老區開發建設步伐。加大對民族地區、邊疆地區脫貧攻堅支持力度。著力改善貧困地區基礎設施和基本公共服務，重點解決通路、通水、通電、通網。大力實施脫貧攻堅重點工程。繼續支持新疆、西藏和四省藏區發展，加大中央支持和對口支援力度。 | 1) We will move forward with targeted measures to fight poverty across the board. We will support development and poverty reduction in contiguous poor areas, launch the action plan for revitalizing the key old revolutionary base areas where poverty is an issue, and speed up the development of all old revolutionary base areas. We will also boost support for alleviating poverty in border areas and areas with concentrations of ethnic minorities. We will work hard to improve infrastructure and basic public services in poor areas, with a priority on roads, water supply, power, and Internet access. A great deal of effort will be devoted to ensuring key poverty alleviation programs are implemented. We will continue to support the development of Xinjiang, Tibet, and the Tibetan ethnic areas in Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces, increasing central government support for these areas, and scaling up one-to-one assistance programs. |
專欄18：脫貧攻堅重點工程。 | Box 18: Key Poverty Alleviation Programs |
| 二是做好就業托底。統籌推進高校畢業生、農民工、就業困難人員等重點群體就業創業，做好產能過剩企業職工安置工作，繼續實施高校畢業生就業促進計劃和創業引領計劃，健全公共就業創業服務體系，深入開展支持農民工等人員返鄉創業試點。加強基層就業創業服務設施建設，強化就業援助，提供托底幫扶。發揮好戰略性新興產業、新業態、國家重大工程等對就業創業的拉動作用，培育壯大新的就業增長點。促進靈活就業和非正規就業。 | 2) We will provide employment support to help meet the people' s basic needs. With a view to providing coordinated support to priority groups, such as college graduates, migrant workers, and those having difficulty finding employment, to help them start a business or find employment, we will work to properly resettle workers laid off due to the phasing-out of excess production capacity, carry out the program for promoting the employment of college graduates and providing them with business start-up guidance, flesh out the public service system for employment and business start-ups, and deepen the implementation of the pilot program for supporting rural migrant workers in starting businesses in their hometowns. We will strengthen community-level employment and start-up service facilities and increase employment assistance to ensure people' s basic needs are met. We will fully leverage the role of strategic emerging industries, new forms of business, and major state projects in encouraging employment and business start-ups, while fostering new sources of job creation. We will also promote flexible employment and non-standard employment. |
| 三是強化社會保障關鍵環節建設。出臺養老保險制度改革總體方案，繼續提高退休人員基本養老金標準，推進職工基礎養老金全國統籌。制定劃轉部分國有資本充實社保基金辦法。全面推進城鄉居民基本醫療保險制度整合，城鄉居民基本醫療保險財政補助標準提高到每人每年420元，加快推進基本醫療保險異地就醫結算，做好基本醫療保險與大病保險、醫療救助、疾病應急救助等政策銜接。統籌推進城鄉社會救助體系建設，完善殘疾人和困境兒童服務與保障體系。繼續推進城鎮保障性安居工程建設，改善中低收入群眾和困難群眾的住房條件。2016年，城鎮棚戶區住房改造600萬套，農村危房改造314萬戶。 | 3) We will strengthen the key links of social security. We will release an overall plan for old-age insurance reform, further raise basic pension benefits for retirees, and work to place the social pooling accounts of workers' old-age insurance under unified national management. We will formulate methods for diverting a portion of state capital into social security funds. We will comprehensively advance the integration of the basic medical insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, raise the annual government subsidy for these two schemes to 420 yuan per person, accelerate our work to enable people to settle medical bills incurred in any locality via their basic medical insurance accounts, and increase the cohesion between basic medical insurance and other schemes, such as major disease insurance, medical assistance, and assistance for emergency disease treatment. We will coordinate the development of social assistance systems for urban and rural residents and improve the system for providing services and insurance to people with disabilities and children living in difficult conditions. We will continue to build government-subsidized housing in urban areas and improve the housing conditions of both low- and middle-income groups and people facing difficulties. In 2016, we will renovate six million units of housing in run-down urban areas and 3.14 million dilapidated rural houses. |
| 四是提高公共服務共建共享水平。建立國家基本公共服務清單，實施共享服務提升工程，完善義務教育、醫療衛生、公共文化、養老、公共體育、殘疾人康復和托養、社會福利、基本殯葬等服務設施。擴大普惠性學前教育資源，規范農村學校布局調整，加快城鄉義務教育公辦學校標準化建設，加快推進高中階段教育普及，實施支援中西部地區招生協作計劃和面向貧困地區定向招生專項計劃，暢通農村和貧困地區學子升學渠道，完善現代職業教育體系，實施職業教育產教融合工程。提升高校教學水平和創新能力，推動具備條件的普通本科高校向應用型轉變。擴大各級各類學校和教育機構資源向城鄉社區教育和老年教育開放。2016年，普通高等教育計劃招生705萬人，研究生招生81.8萬人。加快全民健康保障工程建設，加強醫療服務體系薄弱環節，優化醫療衛生資源布局，大力培養全科醫生、兒科醫生，加快分級診療制度建設。實施全面兩孩政策，完善婦幼健康服務體系和相關配套政策，促進人口均衡發展。積極發展中醫藥、民族醫藥事業。推進養老服務業綜合改革試點。完善流動人口融入城鎮的基本公共服務政策。加強社會主義精神文明建設。加快文化改革發展。繁榮發展哲學社會科學。發展文學藝術、新聞出版、廣播影視、檔案等事業。建設中國特色新型智庫。加快足球、冰雪等各類體育運動發展。 | 4) We will see to it that all sectors of society become more involved in providing public services and more people benefit from them. We will establish a national list of basic public services, carry out the national project to upgrade services for the general population, and improve facilities for compulsory education, medical and health care, public cultural services, elderly care, community sports, care and nursing for people with disabilities, social welfare, and basic funeral and interment services. We will increase the provision of public-interest pre-school education, refine the distribution of schools in rural areas, and move faster to help public schools providing compulsory education in urban and rural areas meet standards and to make senior secondary education universal. Some regular institutions of higher learning in developed regions will be selected to implement the program for setting an enrollment quota for students from central and western regions, and we will carry out the program for regular institutions of higher learning to enroll a set number of students from poor areas with pre-conditions for employment after graduation; these programs will help to ensure students from rural and poor areas are unobstructed in continuing their education. We will improve the modern vocational education system and launch programs to integrate vocational education with industry. We will ensure the quality of teaching and the capacity for innovation within institutions of higher learning are improved, and encourage regular undergraduate colleges to shift their focus toward providing applied education if they are in a position to do so. We will see to it that the education resources of schools and educational institutions of all types and at all levels are made available for the provision of urban and rural community-level education as well as education for the elderly. In 2016, regular institutions of higher learning are projected to enroll 7.05 million undergraduate students and 818,000 graduate students. We will speed up the development of the program to ensure a healthy population, reinforce weak areas in the medical services system, better allocate medical and health care resources, strengthen the training of general practitioners and pediatricians, and accelerate the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment. We will fully implement the policy for allowing one couple to have two children, enhance the system for providing maternal and child care and related support policies, and promote balanced growth of the population. We will actively develop traditional Chinese medicine and the medicine of ethnic minorities. We will move forward with the trials for comprehensive reform of the elderly services. We will improve basic public service policies so as to facilitate better integration of the migrant population in cities. To promote socialist cultural and ethical progress, we will accelerate cultural reform and development; encourage philosophy and the social sciences to flourish; and develop literature, art, the press, publishing, radio, television, film, and archives. We will develop new types of Chinese-style think tanks. We will accelerate the development of sports such as soccer and winter sports. |
| 深化內地與香港、澳門的投資經貿合作，落實內地與港澳關于建立更緊密經貿關系安排（CEPA）框架下的服務貿易協議，加大內地對港澳開放力度，推動CEPA全面升級。支持港澳參與“一帶一路”建設。加快前海、南沙、橫琴等粵港澳合作平臺建設，深化泛珠三角等區域合作。進一步支持澳門建設中國與葡語國家商貿服務平臺，促進澳門經濟適度多元發展。繼續推進海峽兩岸經貿關系發展，增進兩岸同胞福祉。 | We will deepen cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao in the areas of investment, the economy, and trade; put into practice the agreement on trade in services with Hong Kong and Macao under the framework of Closer Economic Partnership Arrangements (CEPA); open the country' s interior wider to Hong Kong and Macao; and comprehensively upgrade the CEPA. We will support Hong Kong and Macao in participating in the development of the Belt and Road Initiative. We will move faster to develop the platforms in Qianhai, Nansha, and Hengqin among others for cooperation between Guangdong and Hong Kong and Macao, and deepen regional cooperation in the pan-Pearl River Delta. We will provide further support for Macao in its efforts to build a platform to facilitate business and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese language countries and appropriately diversify its economy. We will continue to promote the development of cross-Straits economic and trade cooperation to benefit the people on both sides of the Taiwan Straits. |
| 各位代表，做好“十三五”開局之年的經濟社會發展工作，任務艱巨，意義重大。我們要更加緊密地團結在以習近平同志為總書記的黨中央周圍，高舉中國特色社會主義偉大旗幟，以鄧小平理論、“三個代表”重要思想、科學發展觀為指導，深入貫徹習近平總書記系列重要講話精神，自覺接受全國人大的監督，虛心聽取全國政協的意見和建議，齊心協力、奮發有為，攻堅克難、開拓創新，為實現“十三五”良好開局、保持經濟社會平穩健康發展而努力奮斗！ | Fellow Deputies, Accomplishing the work for economic and social development in this first year of the 13th Five-Year Plan is an onerous but important task. We will unite even closer around the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping as General Secretary, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, take Deng Xiaoping Theory, the Theory of Three Represents, and the Scientific Outlook on Development as our guide, and fully implement the guidelines from General Secretary Xi Jinping's major political addresses. We will willingly accept the oversight of the NPC, and seek comments and suggestions from the CPPCC National Committee with an open mind. Let us pool together our hearts and our energy to overcome the difficulties ahead, and work with creativity to ensure a good start to the 13th Five-Year Plan and sustain steady and sound economic and social development. |
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