Reform of Party and Government Institutions and the System of Government Administration
Since the policy of reform and opening up was initiated, several rounds of institutional reform have been launched. Further reform measures were proposed in the report to the 19th CPC National Congress, including an integrated approach to reconfurating the structures of Party and government institutions, and rational assignment of clearly defined responsibilities among these institutions and their internal bodies. There should be better coordination in the use of various types of staffing resources. Efforts will be made to rationalize the governance structure, and improve the organic law for state institutions.
Transformation of government functions will be accompanied by moves to further streamline government and delegate powers, improve regulatory practices, and strengthen government credibility and effectiveness, with the aim of building a service-oriented government able to satisfy the needs of the people.
More power should be delegated to governments at and below the provincial level, and possibilities will be explored to merge or co-locate Party and government bodies with similar functions at the provincial, prefectural, and county levels. Reform of public institutions will continue, so as to ensure that they focus on serving the public good, without venturing into business activities, or being burdened with government functions. While government supervision remains indispensable, these institutions are responsible for their day-to-day operations.
The third plenary session of the 19th CPC Central Committee in February 2018 reviewed and approved the Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Deepening the Reform of Party and Government Institutions and the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and Government Institutions, marking a new step forward in this work.
機構和行政體制改革
改革開放以來,中國進行了多輪機構和行政體制改革。中共十九大報告中提出了深化機構和行政體制改革的要求。主要舉措包括:統籌考慮各類機構設置,科學配置黨政部門及內設機構權力、明確職責。統籌使用各類編制資源,形成科學合理的管理體制,完善國家機構組織法。轉變政府職能,深化簡政放權,創新監管方式,增強政府公信力和執行力,建設人民滿意的服務型政府。賦予省級及以下政府更多自主權。在省市縣對職能相近的黨政機關探索合并設立或合署辦公。深化事業單位改革,強化公益屬性,推進政事分開、事企分開、管辦分離。2018年2月中共十九屆三中全會審議通過了《中共中央關于深化黨和國家機構改革的決定》和《深化黨和國家機構改革方案》,黨和國家機構改革邁出新的步伐。