Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan
China's central authorities have attached great importance to air pollution prevention and control. In September 2013, the State Council released the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan. Based on protecting the health of the people, the document set the general requirements of coordinating government control and market regulation, overall progress and breakthroughs on key issues, regional cooperation and local management, and simultaneous reduction of total emissions and quality improvement. The document also announced the decision to put in place a market-driven mechanism with government guidance, actions by enterprises, and public participation in air pollution control. The principles to follow are that those who pollute must be held accountable, and the higher the emissions, the heavier the responsibilities, while those who save energy and reduce emissions will receive reimbursement and compensation. Progressive region-specific measures will be taken.
The document listed 10 measures:
?increasing comprehensive treatment to reduce the discharge of varied pollutants;
?improving the industrial structure to promote transformation and upgrading;
?accelerating technical renovation of enterprises to increase their technological innovation capacity;
?moving faster to adjust the energy mix to provide more clean energy;
?raising the market access threshold of energy-saving and environmental protection sectors to improve the industrial spatial configuration;
?letting the market play its role and improving economic policies related to environmental protection;
?building a sound legal system and exercising strict supervision and management;
?setting up regional cooperation mechanisms to coordinate environmental protection;
?introducing a monitoring, early warning and emergency response system to address heavy air pollution; and
?defining the responsibilities of government agencies, enterprises and the public and encouraging the whole society to join the effort.
In July 2018, the State Council promulgated a Three-year Action Plan for Blue Skies, outlining relevant principles, goals, tasks and measures with a timetable and roadmap. By the end of 2020, air quality of cities at or above prefecture level was good or excellent for 87 percent of the year, the average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration was 33 micrograms per cubic meter, and the average concentration of six major pollutants had dropped by a notable margin year on year, thus surpassing the overall goals and quantitative targets set in the 13th Five-year Plan for 2016-2020.
China will continue its pollution prevention and control in the 14th Five-year Plan period (2021-2025). It will improve the management process for meeting air quality standards in urban areas, continue to improve the air quality in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and adjacent areas, the Fenhe-Weihe River Plain, and the Yangtze River Delta, and basically eliminate heavy air pollution.
大氣污染防治行動計劃
中共中央、國務(wù)院高度重視大氣污染防治工作。2013年9月，國務(wù)院印發(fā)《大氣污染防治行動計劃》（簡稱“大氣十條”），以保障人民群眾健康為出發(fā)點，按照政府調(diào)控與市場調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合、全面推進與重點突破相配合、區(qū)域協(xié)作與屬地管理相協(xié)調(diào)、總量減排與質(zhì)量改善相同步的總體要求，提出要加快形成“政府統(tǒng)領(lǐng)、企業(yè)施治、市場驅(qū)動、公眾參與”的大氣污染防治機制，本著“誰污染、誰負責(zé)，多排放、多負擔(dān)，節(jié)能減排得收益、獲補償”的原則，實施分區(qū)域、分階段治理。
《大氣污染防治行動計劃》確定了十個方面的措施，即加大綜合治理力度，減少多污染物排放；調(diào)整優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，推動產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級；加快企業(yè)技術(shù)改造，提高科技創(chuàng)新能力；加快調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)，增加清潔能源供應(yīng)；嚴格節(jié)能環(huán)保準入，優(yōu)化產(chǎn)業(yè)空間布局；發(fā)揮市場機制作用，完善環(huán)境經(jīng)濟政策；健全法律法規(guī)體系，嚴格依法監(jiān)督管理；建立區(qū)域協(xié)作機制，統(tǒng)籌區(qū)域環(huán)境治理；建立監(jiān)測預(yù)警應(yīng)急體系，妥善應(yīng)對重污染天氣；明確政府企業(yè)和社會的責(zé)任，動員全民參與環(huán)境保護。
2018年7月，國務(wù)院印發(fā)《打贏藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年行動計劃》，明確了大氣污染防治工作的總體思路、基本目標、主要任務(wù)和保障措施，提出了打贏藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)的時間表和路線圖。到2020年，全國地級及以上城市優(yōu)良天數(shù)比率為87%，全國PM2.5平均濃度為33微克/立方米，6項主要污染物平均濃度同比均明顯下降，超額實現(xiàn)“十三五”提出的總體目標和量化指標，《打贏藍天保衛(wèi)戰(zhàn)三年行動計劃》圓滿收官。“十四五”時期，中國將深入開展污染防治行動，加強城市大氣質(zhì)量達標管理，持續(xù)改善京津冀及周邊地區(qū)、汾渭平原、長三角地區(qū)空氣質(zhì)量，基本消除重污染天氣。
