Standing Committee member of the Political Bureau, and member of Secretariat, of 15th CPC Central Committee; secretary of CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection; chairman of 13th Executive Committee of All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

Joined CPC, 1949.

Graduated from the Department of Mechanical Engineering at Dalian Engineering Institute, majoring Machinery Manufacturing, 1952.

Studied enterprise management in an aluminum-processing Factory in former Soviet Union, 1953-1955.

After back to China, worked in Northeast Light Alloys Processing Factory, serving successively as deputy head and head of a workshop, general director for production, vice chairman of Revolutionary Committee, CPC secretary, and director, 1955-1980.

Studied at cadre?s training class of Party School of CPC Central Committee, 1980-1981.

Worked as deputy secretary of CPC Harbin Municipal Committee and mayor of Harbin City, capital of Heilongjiang Province, 1981-1983.

Served as vice president of All-China Federation of Trade Unions and member of its Secretariat, 1983-1984; deputy head and then head of Organization Department of CPC Central Committee, 1984-1987; minister of Supervision, 1987-1993.

Elected president of 12th (1993) and 13th (October of 1998) Executive Committees of All-China Federation of Trade Unions.

Served as member, Standing Committee member and secretary of CPC Beijing Municipal Committee, 1995-1997.

Elected alternate member and then member of 12th CPC Central Committee; member of 13th to 15th CPC Central Committees; member of Political Bureau and member of Secretariat of 14th and 15th CPC Central Committees; Standing Committee member and secretary of CPC Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, 1992 and 1997.

Elected member of Standing Committee of Political Bureau of 15th CPC Central Committee, 1997.