Ethnic Makeup  
 
Tibetan

The principal inhabitants of Tibet, speaking the language that belongs to the Tibetan sub-group of the Tibeto-Burmese group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. There are three main dialects: U-Tsang, Kham and Amdo. Most Tibetans undertake farming and animal husbandry. Urban residents mostly engage in handicrafts, industry and commerce. They believe in Tibetan Buddhism. The staple food is zanba (roasted qingke barley flour or pea meal). They like to drink tea with butter or milk and qingke wine. They also have a liking for beef and mutton, but do not eat perissodactyls. In ancient times, Tibetans buried their dead in the ground, but in modern times Tibetans practice celestial burial (by which bodies all exposed to birds of prey), cremation and water burial.
Moinba
Mainly distributed in Moinyu in the southern part of the region, with some scattered in Medog, Nyingchi and Cona counties. The Moinba speaks language that belongs to the Moinba sub-group of the Tibeto-Burmese group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. With complex dialects, they have no written language. Most Moinba people can speak and write Tibetan. Their livelihood is based on agriculture, supplemented by animal husbandry, forestry, hunting and handicrafts. Rice, corn, buckwheat and jizhaogu (glutinous highland millet) are staple foods. Most Moinba people believe in Tibetan Buddhism, but in certain areas, some people practice traditional shamanism. The dead are generally given water burial, while burial in the ground, celestial burial and cremation are also practiced.
Lhoba
Mainly distributed in Lhoyu in the southeast of Tibet, with some scattered in Mainling, Medog, Zayu, Lhunze and Nang counties, the Lhoba also falls into the Tibeto-Burmese group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Having no written language of their own, they normally use Tibetan for written communications. Mainly engaged in agriculture, Lhoba people are good at bamboo weaving. Corn and jizhaogu are staple foods. They also eat rice and buckwheat.
Hui
Most of the Hui people living in the Tibet Autonomous Region today are descendants of the Hui who moved to Tibet from Gansu, Shaanxi, Qinghai, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces during the Qing Dynasty. A small number of them came from Central Asia. Most live in cities and towns, notably Lhasa, Xigaze and Qamdo, doing business and handicrafts or working as butchers. They use both Tibetan and Chinese languages in daily life, and Urdu and Arabic in religious activities. They believe in Islam and mosques are found in Lhasa and some other places.
Deng

Mainly live in Zayu County, Nyingchi Prefecture. Their language is also included in the Tibeto-Burmese group of the Sino-Tibetan language family. Having no written language, they keep records by notching wood, tying knots or arranging sticks or branches. Deng people believe in ghosts instead of deities. They build two-story structures. They live in the upper floor, and house and breed domestic animals and poultry in the ground floor. Prior to the 1950s, the Deng people mostly lived deep in the mountains and forests, surviving on slash-and-burn cultivation and hunting and gathering. Later, they moved into terraced river valleys with the assistance of the government.

Xiarba
Mainly live in Lixin Township in the vicinity of the Zham entry/exit port and Chentang in Dinggye County. They are divided into four surnames and marriage within the same surname is taboo. They believe in Buddhism. Their homes are two-story wooden structures.

 

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