代詞在句中分析與翻譯的實例

1．All the various transitions from one form of motion into another are governed by one of the fundamental laws of nature, that of the eternity of matter and its motion.

運動可以由一種形式變為另一種形式，所有運動形式的變換都取決于一個基本的自然規律，即物質及其運動永恒性的規律。（that代替one，one代替law。)

2．The author enumerate some of the factors which make it difficult for the sociologist to conduct experiments in the same way as his colleagues in the physical sciences.

作者列舉了某些使社會科學家難以進行實驗的因素，而在同樣的情況下，他的自然科學的同事們卻可以進行實驗。(it為形式賓語代替真正賓語to conduct…。)

3．The metallurgist has recently found a metal skin for missiles and supersonic planes, one that will retain its strength at the high temperature caused by air friction.

冶金學家最近發明了一種用于導彈和超音速飛機的金屬外殼，這種外殼在大氣摩擦引起的高溫下仍然能保持其強度。(one作同位語，代替skin。)

4．If one can scale down all dimensions to, let us say, one tenth, the average lengths of the current-paths will be reduced to one tenth. And the speed of operation will be scaled up 10 times.

如果人們能把所有尺寸縮小，比如說，減小到原來的1/10，那么電流路徑的平均長度也將減小到1/10，操作速度因而就會按比例提高10倍。(one泛指人。)

5．Underground water reserves are much larger than those on the surface, but as they are unseen we tend to underestimate them.

地下水的儲量要比地面水大得多，但是由于看不到，所以往往低估了地下水的儲量。(those代替water reserves。as引導原因狀語從句。them代替underground water reserves。)

6．Here we find that the term work has been given by science a somewhat more limited meaning than that to which we have been accustomed.

這里我們發現，科學賦予“功”這個詞的含義比我們所習慣的“工作”這個詞的含義多少要狹窄一些。(第一個that是連詞，引導賓語從句。第二個that是代詞，代替work。)

7．We know that air can be compressed, and it is reasonable to suppose that the air at the surface of the earth is compressed by the weight of all the air on top of it.

我們知道空氣是可以壓縮的，因而我們有理由假設：地球表面的空氣受到該空氣層上部所有空氣重量的壓縮。(第一個it是形式主語，代替不定式短語to suppose...。句末的it是人稱代詞，代替“地球表面上的空氣”。)

8．It follows from the principle of relativity that Newton’s second law of motion, although fundamental in classical mechanics, only has an approximate and by no means complete validity.

由相對論原理可知，牛頓運動第二定律盡管是古典力學中的基本原理，但只是近似的，而絕不是完全正確的。(It follows from… that...，“由……可以得出……”。It是形式主語，代替that引出的主語從句。)

9．It was supposed that bodies fall to the ground with a speed which is proportional to their weight. This means that if bodies of 100 pounds and 1 pound are pushed over a cliff, the former falls 100 times as fast as the latter.

曾經有人設想，物體落地的速度與其重量成正比，這就意味著，如果把重100磅的物體和重l磅的物體從懸崖上推下去，前者下落速度是后者的100倍。(the former指bodies of 100 pounds，the latter指bodies of 1 pound。)

10．Even though the same computer might have performed the same operation millions of times in succession, it must still be told exactly how to do that operation every time it repeats it.

即使同一臺計算機很可能已經連續完成同樣的運算達數百萬次之多，但每當它重復這一運算時都得準確地告訴它如何去完成這一運算。(句中有三個it,第一和第二個it都代替計算機，第三個it代替operation。might have performed是虛擬語氣，表示對過去發生事情的猜測。every time是連詞，引導時間狀語從句。that在句中不是連詞，是指示代詞，作operation的定語。)