《中國的醫療衛生事業》白皮書
White Paper: Medical and Health Services in China
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| 六、中醫藥發展 | VI.Development of Traditional Chinese Medicine |
| 中醫藥在中國有著悠久的歷史，是中華民族在生產生活實踐以及治療疾病過程中形成和發展的醫學科學，是中華民族智慧的結晶，為中華民族繁衍昌盛作出了重要貢獻。中醫藥在治療常見病、多發病和疑難病等方面獨具特色和優勢，在治療傳染性疾病方面也有良好效果，并以其費用低、療效好、副作用小等特點，深受中國公眾喜愛，在醫療衛生保健中發揮著不可替代的重要作用。中國政府一貫積極扶持和促進中醫藥事業的發展。 | Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has a long history in China, and is a medical science formed and developed by the Chinese people in their daily work and life as well as attempts to treat diseases. TCM is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese people, and has made important contributions to the continuance and thriving of the Chinese nation. Known for its unique characteristics and advantages in curing common diseases, frequently occurring diseases and complicated diseases, TCM has also proved effective in treating infectious diseases and is very popular among the Chinese public for its low cost, satisfactory curative action and mild side effects. TCM plays an irreplaceable role in China's medical and healthcare endeavors, and the Chinese government has always supported and promoted its development. |
| 建立覆蓋城鄉的中醫醫療服務體系。在城市，形成了以中醫醫院、民族醫醫院、中西醫結合醫院、中醫專科醫院、綜合醫院中醫科、社區衛生服務機構及中醫門診部和中醫診所為主的城市中醫藥服務網絡。在農村，形成了由縣級中醫醫院、鄉鎮衛生院中醫科和村衛生室為主的農村中醫藥服務網絡。目前，75.6％的社區衛生服務中心、51.6％的社區衛生服務站、66.5％的鄉鎮衛生院、57.5％的村衛生室能夠提供中醫藥服務。 | Networks of TCM medical services have been established to cover both urban and rural areas. Networks of TCM medical services now cover Chinese cities, providing services for urban residents through TCM hospitals, ethnic-medicine hospitals, hospitals of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, specialized TCM hospitals, TCM departments of general hospitals, community health services, TCM outpatient departments and TCM clinics. In the rural areas, TCM service networks have also been developed to serve rural residents through county-level TCM hospitals, and TCM departments or sections of township hospitals and village clinics. Currently, 75.6% of community health service centers, 51.6% of community health service stations, 66.5% of village and township hospitals and 57.5% of village clinics can provide TCM services. |
| 形成獨具特色的中醫藥人才培養體系。國家把人才培養作為中醫藥事業發展的根本，加強名老中醫藥專家學術思想和經驗繼承工作以及優秀中醫臨床人才培養，加強社區、農村基層中醫藥人才的培養，基本形成了院校教育、師承教育、繼續教育多形式、多層次、多途徑的中醫藥教育體系，初步建立起社區、農村基層中醫藥人才培養機制。截至2011年，全國共有高等中醫藥、民族醫藥院校46所，高等教育中醫藥類在校生人數55.3萬人，衛生機構中醫類別執業(助理)醫師29.4萬人，中藥師(士)9.7萬人。 | A unique training system for qualified TCM professionals has been developed. The state takes the cultivation of qualified professionals as the cornerstone for the development of TCM. China has enhanced its efforts to pass down the academic achievements and experience of renowned and senior TCM experts as well as the training of high-caliber professionals in clinical practice. An education system for TCM personnel has been basically developed in the forms of academic education, master-apprentice tutorials and continued education at different levels and through different channels. By 2011, China had a total of 46 institutions of higher learning specializing in TCM and ethnic medicine, with 553,000 undergraduate students of TCM on campus, as well as 294,000 practitioners and assistant doctors of TCM, in addition to 97,000 licensed and assistant pharmacists in TCM. |
| 推進中醫藥現代化。積極利用現代科學技術，推進中醫藥的理論和技術創新，在中醫基礎理論、臨床診療、中藥技術等領域取得重要成果。推進中藥產業化和現代化，中藥產業規模、技術水平大幅提高。目前，全國中藥生產企業近1500家。中藥產品種類、數量、生產工藝水平有了很大提高。重視和保護中醫藥的文化價值，41項中醫藥項目列入國家非物質文化遺產名錄。 | A modernization drive for TCM has been initiated. The state has proactively promoted theoretical and technical innovations in TCM through the application of modern science and technology, and has gained important achievements in basic TCM theory, clinical diagnosis and treatment, TCM technology and other related areas. China promotes the industrialization and modernization of TCM, and as a result the industrial scale and technical level of TCM has increased markedly. Currently, there are about 1,500 manufacturers of TCM pharmaceuticals in China, and the variety, quantity and processing technique of TCM pharmaceuticals have improved by a wide margin. The state attaches importance to the protection of TCM's cultural values, and 41 TCM programs have been included on the nation's intangible heritage list. |
| 積極開展國際交流合作。目前，已有70多個國家與中國簽訂了包含中醫藥內容的政府協議或專門的中醫藥合作協議，中醫藥對外醫療、教育、科技合作不斷擴大，已傳播到世界上160多個國家和地區。“中醫針灸”列入人類非物質文化遺產代表作名錄，《黃帝內經》、《本草綱目》等中醫藥典籍列入《世界記憶遺產名錄》。國際標準化組織(ISO)成立了中醫藥技術委員會，并將這一委員會的秘書處設在中國。 | International exchanges and cooperation have been actively promoted. China has signed treaties with TCM contents or special TCM cooperation agreements with over 70 countries, and cooperation in TCM application in foreign countries, and TCM education and technical cooperation has steadily expanded. Now, over 160 countries and regions around the world have access to TCM. TCM acupuncture and moxibustion has been recognized as a masterpiece of the intangible heritage of mankind, and the Huangdi Neijing (Inner Canon of the Yellow Emperor), Bencao Gangmu (Compendium of Materia Medica) and other TCM treatises have been included in the UNESCO Memory of the World. The International Standardization Organization (ISO) has set up a TCM technical committee and located its secretariat in China. |
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