《中國的醫療衛生事業》白皮書
White Paper: Medical and Health Services in China
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| 七、衛生國際合作 | VII. International Medical and Healthcare Cooperation |
| 長期以來，中國積極參與全球衛生事務，廣泛開展衛生領域的政府間和民間的多邊、雙邊合作交流，積極參加國際社會、國際組織倡導的重大衛生行動。高度重視衛生國際援助，先后為許多發展中國家援建醫院、培訓衛生人才、開展疾病防控等工作，為受援國醫療衛生事業發展發揮了巨大作用。 | For a long period of time, China has been actively participating in international health affairs, and has carried out extensive inter-government and non-governmental multilateral and bilateral cooperation and exchanges. China has also proactively taken part in major health programs of the international community and international organizations. The state pays great attention to international health assistance programs, and has played a huge role in improving the medical and health conditions in many developing countries by building hospitals, training medical and healthcare professionals and carrying out disease control there. |
| 支持世界衛生組織等國際組織工作。積極參與全球衛生議題討論，分享經驗。20世紀70年代，中國總結和貢獻衛生實踐經驗，為推動1978年《阿拉木圖宣言》實施初級衛生保健發揮了重要作用。近年來，在《國際衛生條例(2005)》框架下，與世界衛生組織及各國保持及時、密切、暢通聯系，為全球疾病防控作出貢獻。中國政府每年向世界衛生組織、聯合國艾滋病規劃署以及全球抗擊艾滋病、結核病和瘧疾基金等國際組織提供捐款。大力支持國際社會在慢性病、人禽流感、控煙、應急等技術領域的工作。 | Support has been rendered to the work of the World Health Organization and other international organizations. China has been taking an active role in international discussions on health issues and sharing experiences in this regard. In the 1970s, China summarized its practices in healthcare and played an important part in the signing of the Declaration of Alma-Ata in 1978 on primary healthcare by contributing its medical experience. In recent years, China has been efficiently maintaining timely and close contact with the World Health Organization and various countries under the framework of the International Health Regulations (2005), making its due contribution to disease control on a global scale. The Chinese government makes annual donations to the World Health Organization, the Joint United Nations Program on HIV and AIDS (UNAIDS), the Global Fund to fight AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, and other international efforts. China also vigorously supports international work to combat chronic diseases and human avian influenza, as well as in tobacco control, emergency medical responses and other related technical fields. |
| 加強區域衛生合作。2003年以來，以中國—東盟傳染病防控領域的合作為開端，加快推進區域衛生合作進程。目前，中國已在大湄公河次區域、中亞區域經濟合作、中國—東盟、東盟與中日韓、中日韓、亞太經濟合作組織和上海合作組織等7個區域性合作機制下，開展與周邊國家和本區域的衛生合作和國際援助。從2005年起，中國與緬甸、越南、老撾合作，在邊境地區開展瘧疾、艾滋病聯防聯控項目，還開展了結核病、登革熱防治等跨境合作項目。 | Regional health cooperation has been strengthened. In 2003, China initiated cooperation in the field of infectious disease control with ASEAN, and has quickened its steps to promote regional health cooperation since then. Currently, China is carrying out health cooperation with peripheral countries and regional international aid programs within seven regional cooperation mechanisms, namely, those of the Greater Mekong Sub-region, Central Asia Region, China-ASEAN, ASEAN and China, Japan and Korea, Inter-China-Japan-Korea, Asia-Pacific, and Shanghai Cooperation Organization. Since 2005, China has been cooperating with Myanmar, Vietnam and Laos to carry out joint prevention and control programs of malaria and AIDS, as well as cross-border cooperation programs on the prevention and treatment of tuberculosis and dengue fever. |
| 派遣援外醫療隊。援外醫療隊是中國履行國際義務，按政府雙邊協議向受援國派遣醫務人員團隊，在發展中國家開展醫療衛生服務的無償援助項目。1963年，中國政府向阿爾及利亞派出第一支援外醫療隊。截至2011年，中國政府已先后向73個國家派遣了醫療隊。目前，有56支醫療隊分布在阿爾及利亞、坦桑尼亞、摩洛哥、津巴布韋等53個國家，為當地特別是貧困地區人民提供免費醫療服務，并為受援國引入大批先進醫療技術。50年來，中國援外醫療隊共診療患者約2.6億人次。醫療隊的工作獲得當地民眾的高度贊揚，受到受援國政府的充分肯定，迄今約有900名中國醫療隊員獲得受援國頒發的勛章等各種榮譽。在此期間，有50名中國援外醫療隊員犧牲在異國他鄉。 | Medical teams have been sent to developing countries to improve medical conditions there. The medical teams China dispatches to developing countries to improve the medical and health conditions there are a regular aid program between the Chinese government and the recipient countries in accordance with bilateral agreements. In 1963, the Chinese government sent its first medical team abroad, to Algeria, and by 2011, China had sent medical teams to 73 countries. Currently, there are 56 Chinese medical teams in Algeria, Tanzania, Morocco, Zimbabwe and 49 other countries. The medical teams provide free medical services for local people there, especially people in poverty-stricken areas, as well as introducing advanced medical technology into the recipient countries. For 50 years, the Chinese medical teams have diagnosed and treated a total of 260 million cases, and their work has been much appreciated by the people and fully recognized by the governments of the recipient countries. So far, about 900 Chinese medical team members have been awarded honors by the recipient countries, and 50 members died during their service abroad. |
| 援建醫療機構。從1970年開始，中國支援非洲等地區的發展中國家建設醫療機構，致力于改善受援國醫療設施條件。截至2011年底，中國共幫助52個國家建成100所醫院和醫療中心，為解決當地民眾看病就醫困難作出了積極貢獻。中國為援建醫院提供大量成套醫療設備和藥品，僅2011年中國就提供了34批醫療設備和藥品。截至2011年11月，還有28個國家的31個援建項目在建。 | Medical institutions have been built in developing countries with aid from China. Since 1970, China has been committed to helping developing countries in Africa and other areas to build medical institutions and improve their medical conditions. By the end of 2011, China had helped a total of 52 countries, and built 100 hospitals and medical centers for them, improving medical conditions and providing medical services for local people. China equipped the hospitals with a large number of complete sets of medical equipment and medicines, and in 2011 alone it shipped 34 batches of medical equipment and medicines to the recipient countries. By November 2011, 31 new projects in this regard were still under construction in 28 countries. |
| 培訓衛生人力資源。中國援外醫療隊通過帶教、講座、培訓等方式，將醫療技術傳授給當地醫護人員，提高受援國衛生技術水平。中國政府支持衛生技術機構在華為發展中國家舉辦衛生技術研修和培訓，截至2011年，共舉辦培訓班400多期，培訓15000余人，涉及衛生管理、緊急救援管理、食品衛生、傳統醫藥、傳染病防控、實驗室檢測、衛生檢疫和護理技術等。為幫助發展中國家培養高層次醫學衛生人才，中國政府還向在華學習醫學和中醫藥學的發展中國家學生提供政府獎學金。 | Health professionals have been trained by China for developing countries. The Chinese medical teams pass their medical knowledge and technology to local medics through personal tutorials, lectures and training courses, improving the medical technology of the recipient countries. The Chinese government supports health technology institutions to hold related study and training programs for developing countries in China. By 2011, China had held over 400 training courses for 15,000 persons on health management, emergency management, food hygiene, traditional medicine, infectious disease prevention and control, laboratory testing, health quarantine, nursing skills and other areas. To help developing countries train medical and health professionals of high caliber, China also offers government scholarships for students from developing countries studying medicine and TCM in China. |
| 開展國際緊急救援。2004年，印度洋地震和海嘯在東南亞和南亞地區造成重大人員傷亡，中國及時派出衛生救援隊赴泰國、斯里蘭卡、印度尼西亞開展救援，并通過世界衛生組織向受災國家捐助醫療儀器設備和美元現匯。近五年來，中國政府累計開展衛生緊急救援近200次，包括向發生疫情、自然災害的幾內亞比紹、馬達加斯加、巴基斯坦、印度尼西亞、海地等國家派遣衛生救援隊、提供物資或現匯緊急援助等。中國還派出救援隊赴黎巴嫩、剛果(金)等國際維和任務區實施人道主義醫學援助，派遣“和平方舟號”醫院船赴亞非五國、拉美四國開展巡回醫療服務。 | International emergency rescue has been undertaken. In 2004, Southeast Asia and South Asia suffered great casualties due to an earthquake in the Indian Ocean and the following tsunami. China promptly responded to the emergency by sending medical rescue teams to Thailand, Sri Lanka and Indonesia to help relief efforts there, and donated medical equipment and cash in US dollar to the affected countries through the World Health Organization. Over the past five years, the Chinese government has responded to about 200 health emergencies, sending medical rescue teams to Guinea-Bissau, Madagascar, Pakistan, Indonesia, Haiti and other countries stricken by epidemics or natural disasters, as well as providing relief supplies and cash to those countries. China has also dispatched rescue teams to Lebanon, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and other international peacekeeping mission areas to offer humanitarian medical aid there, and its Peace Ark hospital ship sailed to five Asian and African and four Latin-American nations to provide medical services to the people there. |
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