都江堰地震損毀文物將在國(guó)慶前竣工
?????? 在2008年汶川大地震中損毀的都江堰文物的修繕工作正在緊張進(jìn)行，并將于今年9月竣工。修繕工作由全國(guó)多省的文物保護(hù)專業(yè)工作團(tuán)隊(duì)共同完成。至目前為止，中央政府共投資9500萬(wàn)元。
?????? 都江堰市位于成都西北，距震中映秀僅17.5公里，至今已有2000多年的歷史，以建于秦代的都江堰和坐落在岷江東岸的二王廟、伏龍觀等文化遺址聞名于世。在2008年5月12日發(fā)生的汶川地震中，二王廟景區(qū)的多座古建筑損毀嚴(yán)重。
?????? 專家學(xué)者在地震發(fā)生的第二天就到現(xiàn)場(chǎng)勘測(cè)災(zāi)情，2008年5月18日提交了檢查報(bào)告，重建二王廟景區(qū)文物建筑工作于2008年6月正式開(kāi)始。北京清華城市設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)劃院文化遺產(chǎn)保護(hù)研究所進(jìn)行施工設(shè)計(jì)，廣西、福建兩省的文物保護(hù)局負(fù)責(zé)進(jìn)行文物本體的施工，遼寧有色基礎(chǔ)工程公司負(fù)責(zé)地質(zhì)災(zāi)害治理。共約400名工人參加了修建工作。
?????? 據(jù)都江堰市文物局局長(zhǎng)樊拓宇介紹，修護(hù)工作主要包括兩個(gè)部分。第一部分是地質(zhì)災(zāi)害治理，使古建筑免于地震、洪水等自然災(zāi)害的再次破壞。第二部分是文物本體修復(fù)。目前為止伏龍觀已經(jīng)修復(fù)完畢，二王廟的修繕工作已完成一半。
?????? 地質(zhì)災(zāi)害治理工作包括兩個(gè)部分。首先，加固古建筑的地基，使之在洪水和地震同時(shí)發(fā)生的情況下不至于滑落到江中。工人們?cè)诓环€(wěn)固的黃土平臺(tái)下打了72根17米到23米的混凝土大樁，連成一個(gè)穩(wěn)固的整體。其次，恢復(fù)傳統(tǒng)的木結(jié)構(gòu)。“我們糾正了以前修繕的時(shí)候留下的一些問(wèn)題，比如用磚結(jié)構(gòu)代替木結(jié)構(gòu)。中國(guó)古代的木結(jié)構(gòu)本身就具有非常好的抗震性，我們這次按照以前的樣式修繕。”樊局長(zhǎng)說(shuō)道。
?????? 文物本體修繕工作將會(huì)恢復(fù)原來(lái)的設(shè)計(jì)。工人選用一種從當(dāng)?shù)仄針?shù)中提煉的生物漆進(jìn)行建筑表面的粉刷，而不用化學(xué)成分的油漆。雖然成本更高，耗時(shí)更久，但生物漆可以更好地保持建筑表面的顏色和光澤。所有的木頭也被重新烘干，并浸泡在防腐防蟲(chóng)的液體中，以應(yīng)對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐某睗駳夂颉?/p>
?????? 在施工的過(guò)程中，工作人員遇到了無(wú)數(shù)困難。比如，設(shè)計(jì)稿無(wú)法在短時(shí)間內(nèi)拿出，很多時(shí)候?qū)＜液凸と瞬坏貌辉谑┕がF(xiàn)場(chǎng)討論某個(gè)部分該如何修建。另外，雖然有古代的設(shè)計(jì)圖紙，但是許多細(xì)節(jié)仍然缺失。中國(guó)攝影家協(xié)會(huì)提供了若干攝影家拍攝的當(dāng)?shù)卣掌鳛閰⒖迹瑸榛謴?fù)都江堰的古建筑提供了重要依據(jù)。“我們能用原來(lái)的材料，就用原來(lái)的。我周圍的親戚朋友都說(shuō)，讓二王廟恢復(fù)原樣是一件大好事。”樊局長(zhǎng)笑著說(shuō)。
（來(lái)源：中國(guó)網(wǎng)）
Quake-damaged heritage buildings in Dujiangyan being restored
After being damaged by Sichuan earthquake in 2008, cultural heritage buildings in Dujiangyan City are being restored and will be finished in September this year. The reconstruction work is being carried out by scholars and professional workers from all over China. The central government has invested 95 million yuan to date.
Dujiangyan City is located to the northwest of Chengdu and 17.5 miles from Yingxiu, the epicenter of the earthquake happened on May 12, 2008. It has about 2,000 years of history and is known to the world for Dujiangyan dam, built in Qin Dynasty and Erwang Temple and Fulong Temple , which are located on the east side of Minjiang River and fell apart in the massive quake.
Scholars went to inspect the damage on the second day of the earthquake. They provided a report on May 18 and the restoration project began in June, 2008. About 400 workers from the cultural heritage protection bureaus of Guangxi and Fujian Provinces participated in the reconstruction. Liaoning Non-Ferrous Foundation Engineering Corporation is in charge of building foundation of the temples. The designers are from Cultural Heritage Protection Research Center of Beijing Tsinghua Urban Planning and Design Institute.
According to Fan Tuoyu, head of Dujiangyan Cultural Heritage Bureau, the project includes two phases. The first phase is strengthening foundation of heritage buildings to protect them from natural disasters such as earthquake and flood. The second phase is repairing the falling buildings. The restoration of Fulong Temple has been completed and 50 percent of the repair work of Erwang Temple has been finished.
The strengthening phase includes two parts. The first one is to lay a solid foundation below the temples to prevent them from sliding into the river if massive earthquake and flood happen at the same time. Workers build 72 of concrete pillars from 17m to 23m to sustain the unstable platform where Erwang Temple and other buildings sit. The second part is to restore the temples in traditional way. "We will correct some mistaken design made in the past few years and use traditional Chinese wooden structure. The traditional design can protect the buildings from earthquake very well." Fan said to China.org.cn.
The repairing phase will also be done in accordance with its original design. The workers choose to use a type of biological paint collected from local trees instead of the chemical one. Though it will cost more time and money, it can keep the color and luster of buildings for a longer time. All the wood used in the temples has been dried and soaked in antiseptic to protect it from the humid weather in Dujiangyan.
Countless difficulties occurred during the process. For example, the new design could not come out in a short time. So workers and scholars often discussed how to restore a certain part of the temples without design. The lack of detailed historical reference is another problem. China Photographers Association contributed hundreds of photos of Erwang Temple. "We used the original materials as many as possible." Fan smiled. "Relatives and friends of mine think we have done a good deed to restore the temples."
(China.org.cn translated by Ren Zhongxi January 28, 2010)
