倍數(shù)減少
(一)A is n times as small (light, slow, ...) as B. ⑿
A is n times smaller (lighter, slower, ...) than B. ⒀
以上兩句均應(yīng)譯為:A的大小(重量、速度、……)是B的1/n,或A比B小(輕、慢、……)(n-1)/n。
eg: The hydrogen atom is nearly 16 times as light as the oxygen atom.
氫原子的重量約為氧原子的1/16(即比氧原子約輕15/16)。
eg: This sort of membrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.
這種薄膜比普通紙張要薄一半(即是普通紙厚度的1/2)。
注:當(dāng)相比的對(duì)象B很明顯時(shí),than/as B 常被省去。
(二)decrease n times / n-fold ⒁
decrease by n times ⒂
decrease by a factor of n ⒃
以上三句均譯為:減少到1/n,或減少(n-1)/n。decrease常被reduce、shorten、go/slow down 等詞替代。
eg: Switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.
新型晶體管的開(kāi)關(guān)時(shí)間縮短到1/3(即縮短了2/3)。
eg: When the voltage is stepped up by ten times, the strength of the current is stepped down by ten times.
電壓升高9倍,電流強(qiáng)度便降低9/10(即降低90%)。
eg: The equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.
該設(shè)備誤差概率降低了4/5。
(三)There is a n-fold decrease / reduction... ⒄
應(yīng)譯為:減至1/n,或減少(n-1)/n。
這個(gè)句型還有其它一些形式,
eg: A rapid decrease by a factor of 7 was observed.
發(fā)現(xiàn)迅速減少到1/7。
eg: The principal advantage of the products is a two-fold reduction in weight.
這些產(chǎn)品的主要優(yōu)點(diǎn)是重量減輕了1/2。
從以上倍數(shù)增減句型及其譯法中不難看出:與漢語(yǔ)不同的是,英語(yǔ)在表述或比較倍數(shù)時(shí),無(wú)論使用什么句型(除了不含倍數(shù)詞的again句型外)都包括基礎(chǔ)倍數(shù)在內(nèi),因此都不是凈增或凈減n倍,而是凈增或凈減n-1倍。所以句型 ⑶、⑸ 表示的倍數(shù)增量=句型 ⑷;句型 ⒀ 表示的倍數(shù)比差=句型 ⑿,且decrease (by) 3 times應(yīng)譯為“減少2/3”,而不是“減少3/4”。
(來(lái)源:大耳朵英語(yǔ))
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