中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform
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| 六、健全城鄉發展一體化體制機制 | VI. Improving Mechanisms and Institutions for Integrated Development of Urban and Rural Areas |
| 城鄉二元結構是制約城鄉發展一體化的主要障礙。必須健全體制機制，形成以工促農、以城帶鄉、工農互惠、城鄉一體的新型工農城鄉關系，讓廣大農民平等參與現代化進程、共同分享現代化成果。 | The urban-rural dual structure is a main obstacle to the integrated development of urban and rural areas. We must improve the mechanisms and institutions to form new relations between industry and agriculture and between urban and rural areas in which industry promotes agriculture, urban areas support rural development, agriculture and industry benefit each other, and urban and rural areas achieve integrated development, so that the overwhelming majority of farmers can participate in the modernization process on an equal basis and share the fruits of modernization. |
| （20）加快構建新型農業經營體系。堅持家庭經營在農業中的基礎性地位，推進家庭經營、集體經營、合作經營、企業經營等共同發展的農業經營方式創新。堅持農村土地集體所有權，依法維護農民土地承包經營權，發展壯大集體經濟。穩定農村土地承包關系并保持長久不變，在堅持和完善最嚴格的耕地保護制度前提下，賦予農民對承包地占有、使用、收益、流轉及承包經營權抵押、擔保權能，允許農民以承包經營權入股發展農業產業化經營。鼓勵承包經營權在公開市場上向專業大戶、家庭農場、農民合作社、農業企業流轉，發展多種形式規模經營。 | 20. Accelerating the building of a new type of agricultural operation system. We will maintain the fundamental status of family operation in agriculture, advancing the innovation of an agricultural operation model featuring the joint development of family operation, collective operation, cooperative operation and enterprise operation. We will maintain the collective ownership of rural land, protect farmers' contracted land-use rights by law, and boost the collective economy. We will stabilize rural land-contracting relationships which will remain unchanged for a long time to come. On the premise of upholding and improving the system for providing the strictest possible protection for farmland, we will endow farmers with the rights to land tenure, land use, land revenue, land transfer and mortgage and guarantee of contracted land use, and allow farmers to develop industrialized operation of agriculture by becoming shareholders using their contracted land-use right. We will encourage the transfer of contracted land-use right to big, specialized operators, family farms, farmers' cooperatives and agricultural enterprises, so as to develop large-scale agricultural operations in diverse forms. |
| 鼓勵農村發展合作經濟，扶持發展規模化、專業化、現代化經營，允許財政項目資金直接投向符合條件的合作社，允許財政補助形成的資產轉交合作社持有和管護，允許合作社開展信用合作。鼓勵和引導工商資本到農村發展適合企業化經營的現代種養業，向農業輸入現代生產要素和經營模式。 | We will encourage rural areas to develop the cooperative economy, support large-scale, specialized and modernized operations. We will allow qualified cooperatives to receive fiscal funds from the government, to hold and manage assets formed from fiscal subsidies, and to engage in credit cooperation. We will encourage and guide industrial and commercial capital to invest in rural areas to develop modern planting and breeding industries suited for commercialized management, and introduce modern factors of production and operation models into agriculture. |
| （21）賦予農民更多財產權利。保障農民集體經濟組織成員權利，積極發展農民股份合作，賦予農民對集體資產股份占有、收益、有償退出及抵押、擔保、繼承權。保障農戶宅基地用益物權，改革完善農村宅基地制度，選擇若干試點，慎重穩妥推進農民住房財產權抵押、擔保、轉讓，探索農民增加財產性收入渠道。建立農村產權流轉交易市場，推動農村產權流轉交易公開、公正、規范運行。 | 21. Endowing farmers with more property rights. We will safeguard the rights and interests of farmers as members of collective economic organizations, vigorously promote farmers' joint-stock partnerships, grant farmers the rights to possess, profit from, pull out with compensation, mortgage, guarantee and inherit shares of collective assets. We will ensure rural households' usufruct of their homestead, and improve the rural homestead system through reform. We will select several pilot areas to steadily and prudently push forward the mortgage, guarantee and transfer of farmers' residential property rights, and expand the channels for farmers to increase their property income. We will set up a rural property rights transfer market, and promote the open, fair and procedure-based operation of rural property rights transfer. |
| （22）推進城鄉要素平等交換和公共資源均衡配置。維護農民生產要素權益，保障農民工同工同酬，保障農民公平分享土地增值收益，保障金融機構農村存款主要用于農業農村。健全農業支持保護體系，改革農業補貼制度，完善糧食主產區利益補償機制。完善農業保險制度。鼓勵社會資本投向農村建設，允許企業和社會組織在農村興辦各類事業。統籌城鄉基礎設施建設和社區建設，推進城鄉基本公共服務均等化。 | 22. Promoting equal exchanges of factors of production and balanced allocation of public resources between urban and rural areas. We will protect farmers' rights and interests concerning the factors of production, ensure migrant workers receive equal pay for equal work, ensure farmers share equally the gains from added value of land, and ensure financial institutions' rural deposits are allocated mainly for agricultural and rural use. We will improve the system of supporting and protecting agriculture, reform the system of subsidizing agriculture, and improve the system of subsidizing major grain-producing areas. We will improve the agricultural insurance system. We will encourage investment in rural development, and permit enterprises and social organizations to start all kinds of undertakings in rural areas. We will make overall plans for developing urban and rural infrastructure and communities, and promote equitable access to basic public services in urban and rural areas. |
| （23）完善城鎮化健康發展體制機制。堅持走中國特色新型城鎮化道路，推進以人為核心的城鎮化，推動大中小城市和小城鎮協調發展、產業和城鎮融合發展，促進城鎮化和新農村建設協調推進。優化城市空間結構和管理格局，增強城市綜合承載能力。 | 23. Improving the institutions and mechanisms for promoting the sound development of urbanization. We will stick to the path of a new-type urbanization with Chinese characteristics, push forward people-oriented urbanization, promote the coordinated development of megacities, mid-sized cities, small cities and small towns, promote the integrated development of industries and cities, and advance urbanization and the building of new rural areas in a coordinated manner. We will improve the urban spatial structure and management pattern, and enhance the urban comprehensive carrying capacity. |
| 推進城市建設管理創新。建立透明規范的城市建設投融資機制，允許地方政府通過發債等多種方式拓寬城市建設融資渠道，允許社會資本通過特許經營等方式參與城市基礎設施投資和運營，研究建立城市基礎設施、住宅政策性金融機構。完善設市標準，嚴格審批程序，對具備行政區劃調整條件的縣可有序改市。對吸納人口多、經濟實力強的鎮，可賦予同人口和經濟規模相適應的管理權。建立和完善跨區域城市發展協調機制。 | We will promote innovation in urban construction management. We will establish a transparent and procedure-based investment and financing mechanism for urban development, allow local governments to expand the channels of financing for urban development by issuing bonds and other means, allow private capital to participate in urban infrastructure investment and operation by franchise and other means, and study the possibility of setting up policy financial institutions for developing urban infrastructure and housing. We will improve the standards for the establishment of cities, strictly follow the examination and approval procedures, and upgrade counties qualified for administrative division adjustment into cities in an orderly manner. We will grant towns with large immigrant populations and great economic strength the right of jurisdiction in line with their population and economic size. We will establish and improve a trans-regional urban development coordination mechanism. |
| 推進農業轉移人口市民化，逐步把符合條件的農業轉移人口轉為城鎮居民。創新人口管理，加快戶籍制度改革，全面放開建制鎮和小城市落戶限制，有序放開中等城市落戶限制，合理確定大城市落戶條件，嚴格控制特大城市人口規模。穩步推進城鎮基本公共服務常住人口全覆蓋，把進城落戶農民完全納入城鎮住房和社會保障體系，在農村參加的養老保險和醫療保險規范接入城鎮社保體系。建立財政轉移支付同農業轉移人口市民化掛鉤機制，從嚴合理供給城市建設用地，提高城市土地利用率。 | We will help the eligible population to move away from agriculture and become urban residents. We will introduce new population management methods, accelerate the reform of household registration system, completely lift restrictions on new residence registration in administrative townships and small cities, relax restrictions on new residence registration in medium-sized cities in an orderly manner, lay down appropriate conditions for new residence registration in large cities, and strictly control the population size of megacities. We will steadily make basic urban public services available to all permanent residents in cities, and incorporate farmers who have registered as urban residents into the urban housing and social security network, and make sure their previous subscription to old-age insurance and medical insurance in the countryside continues in the urban social security system. We will establish a mechanism dovetailing fiscal transfer payment with the urbanized agricultural population, provide land for urban development with reasonable restrictions, and increase urban land use efficiency. |
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