中共中央關于全面深化改革若干重大問題的決定（全文）
Decision of the CCCPC on Some Major Issues Concerning Comprehensively Deepening the Reform
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調整字號大小: 
| 九、推進法治中國建設 | IX. Promoting the Rule of Law |
| 建設法治中國，必須堅持依法治國、依法執政、依法行政共同推進，堅持法治國家、法治政府、法治社會一體建設。深化司法體制改革，加快建設公正高效權威的社會主義司法制度，維護人民權益，讓人民群眾在每一個司法案件中都感受到公平正義。 | To build a China under the rule of law, we must uphold the unity of the rule of law, law-based government and law-based administration, and the integral development of a law-based country, government and society as a whole. We will deepen reform of the judicial system, accelerate the building of a just, efficient and authoritative socialist judicial system to safeguard the people's rights and interests, and ensure that the people are satisfied with the equality and justice in every court verdict. |
| （30）維護憲法法律權威。憲法是保證黨和國家興旺發達、長治久安的根本法，具有最高權威。要進一步健全憲法實施監督機制和程序，把全面貫徹實施憲法提高到一個新水平。建立健全全社會忠于、遵守、維護、運用憲法法律的制度。堅持法律面前人人平等，任何組織或者個人都不得有超越憲法法律的特權，一切違反憲法法律的行為都必須予以追究。 | 30. Protecting the authority of the Constitution and laws. The Constitution is the fundamental law guaranteeing the flourishing of the Party and long-term peace and stability of the country, and it has the supreme authority. We will further improve the supervision mechanism and procedure for the implementation of the Constitution and raise to a new level the comprehensive implementation of the Constitution. We will establish and improve the system within which the whole society is loyal to, abides by, upholds and applies the Constitution and laws. We will uphold the principle that everyone is equal before the law, and no organization or individual has the privilege of overstepping the Constitution and laws; all acts in violation of the Constitution and laws must be investigated. |
| 普遍建立法律顧問制度。完善規范性文件、重大決策合法性審查機制。建立科學的法治建設指標體系和考核標準。健全法規、規章、規范性文件備案審查制度。健全社會普法教育機制，增強全民法治觀念。逐步增加有地方立法權的較大的市數量。 | We will establish a system of legal counsel universally, improve the review mechanisms concerning normative documents and major decisions, set up a scientific indicator system and assessment standard for legal system building, and improve review mechanisms concerning laws, regulations and normative documents. We will improve the law education mechanism and raise the public's awareness of the rule of law. We will gradually increase the number of major cities which have the right to make regulations. |
| （31）深化行政執法體制改革。整合執法主體，相對集中執法權，推進綜合執法，著力解決權責交叉、多頭執法問題，建立權責統一、權威高效的行政執法體制。減少行政執法層級，加強食品藥品、安全生產、環境保護、勞動保障、海域海島等重點領域基層執法力量。理順城管執法體制，提高執法和服務水平。 | 31. Deepening reform of the administrative law-enforcement system. We will integrate major law-enforcement bodies, relatively centralize the law-enforcement power, press ahead with comprehensive law enforcement, and do our best to resolve problems such as overlapping functions and duplicate law enforcement to establish an authoritative and efficient administrative law-enforcement system with the integration of power and responsibility. We will reduce the hierarchy of administrative law enforcement, and allocate more law-enforcement resources to the primary level in such key areas as foodstuffs and medicines, production safety, environmental protection, labor security, and coastal areas and islands. We will straighten out the urban management law enforcement system, and improve the level of law-enforcement and service quality. |
| 完善行政執法程序，規范執法自由裁量權，加強對行政執法的監督，全面落實行政執法責任制和執法經費由財政保障制度，做到嚴格規范公正文明執法。完善行政執法與刑事司法銜接機制。 | We will improve the procedure of administrative law enforcement, specify areas of discretion, strengthen supervision over administrative law enforcement, and comprehensively implement the responsibility system as well as government funding for administrative law enforcement, in order to promote strict, standardized, fair and civilized law enforcement. We will improve the mechanism that dovetails administrative law enforcement and criminal justice. |
| （32）確保依法獨立公正行使審判權檢察權。改革司法管理體制，推動省以下地方法院、檢察院人財物統一管理，探索建立與行政區劃適當分離的司法管轄制度，保證國家法律統一正確實施。 | 32. Ensuring the independent exercise of the judicial and procuratorial power in accordance with the law. We will reform the judicial administration system, unify the management of staffs, funds and properties of courts and procuratorates below the provincial level and explore ways to establish a judicial jurisdiction system that is appropriately separated from the administrative divisions to ensure that the state laws are enforced properly and uniformly. |
| 建立符合職業特點的司法人員管理制度，健全法官、檢察官、人民警察統一招錄、有序交流、逐級遴選機制，完善司法人員分類管理制度，健全法官、檢察官、人民警察職業保障制度。 | We will establish a judicial personnel management system fitting their professional characteristics, improve the system for unified recruitment, orderly exchange and level-by-level promotion of judges, procurators and the police, improve the classified management system of legal personnel, and guarantee the job security of judges, procurators and the police. |
| （33）健全司法權力運行機制。優化司法職權配置，健全司法權力分工負責、互相配合、互相制約機制，加強和規范對司法活動的法律監督和社會監督。 | 33. Improving the mechanism for the use of judicial power. We will optimize the distribution of judicial functions and powers, improve the system of judicial power division, coordination, checks and balances, and strengthen and standardize the legal and social supervision over judicial activities. |
| 改革審判委員會制度，完善主審法官、合議庭辦案責任制，讓審理者裁判、由裁判者負責。明確各級法院職能定位，規范上下級法院審級監督關系。 | We will reform the judicial committee system, improve the responsibility system of handling cases by the presiding judge and the collegiate bench, by which the judges hand down verdicts and the collegiate bench is responsible for carrying them out. We will clarify the functions of the courts at all levels, and standardize their supervision through the judicial hierarchy. |
| 推進審判公開、檢務公開，錄制并保留全程庭審資料。增強法律文書說理性，推動公開法院生效裁判文書。嚴格規范減刑、假釋、保外就醫程序，強化監督制度。廣泛實行人民陪審員、人民監督員制度，拓寬人民群眾有序參與司法渠道。 | We will have more open trials, make the procuratorial work more transparent, and record and keep all court files. We will increase the persuasiveness of legal instruments and press ahead with publicizing court ruling documents that have come into effect. We must strictly regulate the procedures of sentence commuting, release on parole and medical parole, thereby enhancing the supervision system. We will extensively implement the people's assessor system and people's supervisor system to expand channels for the people to participate in legal affairs. |
| （34）完善人權司法保障制度。國家尊重和保障人權。進一步規范查封、扣押、凍結、處理涉案財物的司法程序。健全錯案防止、糾正、責任追究機制，嚴禁刑訊逼供、體罰虐待，嚴格實行非法證據排除規則。逐步減少適用死刑罪名。 | 34. Improving the judicial system to protect human rights. The state respects and protects human rights. We will further standardize the legal procedures for sealing, sequestering, freezing and confiscating properties involved in a legal case. We will improve the mechanism for preventing and correcting wrong cases and the accountability system, prohibit extorting confession by torture, corporal punishment and maltreatment, and strictly implement rules that illegal evidences are not adopted. We will gradually reduce the number of charges that could lead to the death penalty. |
| 廢止勞動教養制度，完善對違法犯罪行為的懲治和矯正法律，健全社區矯正制度。 | We will abolish Laojiao, or re-education through labor, improve laws for the punishment and correction of unlawful and criminal acts, and perfect the community correction system. |
| 健全國家司法救助制度，完善法律援助制度。完善律師執業權利保障機制和違法違規執業懲戒制度，加強職業道德建設，發揮律師在依法維護公民和法人合法權益方面的重要作用。 | We will improve the national judicial relief and legal aid system. We will improve the mechanism for protecting lawyers' rights to practice while punishing illegal practice, strengthen professional ethics and give full play to the important role of lawyers in safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of citizens and legal persons in accordance with the law. |
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